A model of traffic flow at ramp entries

Abstract

This Thesis describes the research done on the investigation of the traffic behaviour at grade separated intersections. The ramp entry is a critical area at an interchange and affects the operational characteristics both on motorway and ramp. The study is concerned with the effects of traffic and geometric variables on the traffic situation. Past studies have been reviewed and critically commented on. The simulation has been adopted as the method of approach due to its advantages over the empirical methods, which require extensive data collection, and to its flexibility over analytical methods to overcome simplifying assumptions. A microscopic model has been developed to reproduce traffic flow on a motorway section with a ramp entry, based on detailed analysis of the elements comprising the traffic situation and integration with the aid of a specially constructed computer program. Particular emphasis has been given to the Calibration and Validation of the model, using a large data base in terms of video films. Comparisons with measurements taken at different sites and with information from other sources have been shown that the proposed model is based on realistic assumptions and accurately represents the traffic behaviour on a wide range of traffic conditions. The effect of geometric design features has been examined by applying the model to different geometric configurations. Further areas of potential applications in terms of geometric design or traffic control schemes are also discussed.

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