Bartle, Elizabeth Anne (1991) The polymorphism of binary lipid mixtures. University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.
Abstract
A combination of x-ray diffraction, calorimetry and optical microscopy measurements have been used to perform detailed investigations into the lyotropic properties of binary lipid mixtures. There arc two possible outcomes for these experiments. The first is that the resulting mixture will display 'average' physical properties of the type [xA + (l-x)B], where x is the mole fraction of component A. The second is that some completely different behaviour, compared with that of the single lipids, A and B, will be observed. Results describing both types of system will be presented in this thesis.
Chapter one of this thesis deals with the principles of, and driving forces behind, lyotropic polymorphism. Discussions of cell membrane structure and the Phase Rule are also presented. Chapters two and three explain the theory and methodology of the experimental techniques used to investigate the liquid crystalline behaviour of a wide variety of binary lipid mixtures. Chapter four presents the results obtained for dihexadccylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DHPE)/dihexadecylphosphatidyl-choline (DHPC) mixtures. These results will be compared to those previously obtained for the inter-methylated derivatives of DHPE. Chapter five will report the lyotropic phase behaviour of several hydrated diacylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine mixtures, emphasizing the discovery of a novel inverse cubic phase in certain of these systems. The striking observation here is that this cubic phase forms from the inverse hexagonal phase with increase of chain length. This behaviour is contrary to that generally found for cubic phases. Chapter six presents results from a scries of hydrated acid/soap mixtures: results are shown indicating the presence of the same novel inverse cubic phase in certain of these systems. A detailed introduction to each particular lipid system is also given at the beginning of each of chapters four through to six. A variety of techniques (self-diffusion NMR and electron-density calculations) have been used to deduce the structure of this cubic phase; this is the subject of chapter seven.
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