Chorioallantoic membrane culture : its potential for toxicity assessment and its limitation for skeletal tissue culture

Pringle, Wendy Suzanne (1989) Chorioallantoic membrane culture : its potential for toxicity assessment and its limitation for skeletal tissue culture. University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.

Abstract

Chorioallantoic membrane culture was investigated as a method for assessing material toxicity. Materials were applied directly to the membrane and also implanted into embryonic chick femurs, which were cultured for 3-10 days on the CAM. Toxicity was quantified by assessing growth, mineralization and collagen synthesis as well as observing tissue response histologically. Growth, mineralization and collagen synthesis were inadequate parameters for quantifying tissue response. In CAM culture the increase in these parameters was so dramatic that it obscured the effects of implanted materials. The histological assessment indicated that cobalt and nickel were the most toxic materials, causing an area of necrosis around the implant. Titanium and aluminium were the least toxic materials and caused fibrosis around the implant in a manner similar to that reported in in vivo and clinical investigations. Lactate dehydrogenase measurements in the medium of organ cultured femurs also indicated that cobalt and nickel caused greater necrosis than the other materials. Histological quantification of the response in CAM cultured femurs, although indicating differences between materials is too time consuming to be of use in any extensive toxicity studies. 14 day femurs were primarily used in this project as they have a significant amount of bone matrix. However, due to the time lag in vascularisation, ischaemic injury caused a substantial proportion of dead bone. This was less in femurs from 11 day chick embryos which are the maximum recommended age for CAM culture. (DX88267)

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