The effects of surface active agents on the behaviour of selected crustaceans
The effects of surface active agents on the behaviour of selected crustaceans
The effect of surface active agents on behaviour has been examined. The study has investigated two areas in which these chemicals are thought to cause debilitating effects, namely in the animal's general activity,and in its ability to perceive its surroundings.Locomotion was employed as an index of activity in the common shrimp Cran on orangon(Pallas.), and the presence of an oil dispersant BP 110OX was demonstrated to reduce general activity to a level comparable with that caused by prolonged retention in the aquarium. Despite this dampening the animal's reaction to sporadic light stimulus was shown to become more violent when the animal was treated with this dispersant.The ability of certain Crustacea to perceive chemical stimuli was also examined in two bioassays, and was shown to be inhibited by the presence of both dispersants and surfactants.The first bioassay involved the process of mate selection in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni, (Li113eborg). This process is mediated by the production of a pheromone by the female, and its subsequent reception by the male leads to the formation of a precopula pair. The presence of the surfactant TWEEN 80 was shown to inhibit reception of the pheromone and so result in a decreased pairing success.Food sensing ability in Crangon was examined, and found to be significantly reduced by treatment with surface active agents. Results from this bioassay indicate that the effect is concentration dependant and reversible. The conclusions drawn from both bioassays have been included in a discussion of the analogy between the effects of surface active agents and those evident in anesthetics.To further investigate the relationship between the surface active chemical and the receptor membrane, a neurophysic'_:gical study was carried out, employing the sensory nerves supplying tb' last segment of the fourth walking leg of the crab Carcinus maenas(L). This investigation suggested that the partition coefficient of the surfactants between organic and inorganic phases is of considerable importance. Possible mechanisms by which surfactants may interact with, and inhibit the function of chemoreceptive membranes have been discussed with reference to recent membrane models.
University of Southampton
1977
Lyes, Martin Christopher
(1977)
The effects of surface active agents on the behaviour of selected crustaceans.
University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.
Record type:
Thesis
(Doctoral)
Abstract
The effect of surface active agents on behaviour has been examined. The study has investigated two areas in which these chemicals are thought to cause debilitating effects, namely in the animal's general activity,and in its ability to perceive its surroundings.Locomotion was employed as an index of activity in the common shrimp Cran on orangon(Pallas.), and the presence of an oil dispersant BP 110OX was demonstrated to reduce general activity to a level comparable with that caused by prolonged retention in the aquarium. Despite this dampening the animal's reaction to sporadic light stimulus was shown to become more violent when the animal was treated with this dispersant.The ability of certain Crustacea to perceive chemical stimuli was also examined in two bioassays, and was shown to be inhibited by the presence of both dispersants and surfactants.The first bioassay involved the process of mate selection in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni, (Li113eborg). This process is mediated by the production of a pheromone by the female, and its subsequent reception by the male leads to the formation of a precopula pair. The presence of the surfactant TWEEN 80 was shown to inhibit reception of the pheromone and so result in a decreased pairing success.Food sensing ability in Crangon was examined, and found to be significantly reduced by treatment with surface active agents. Results from this bioassay indicate that the effect is concentration dependant and reversible. The conclusions drawn from both bioassays have been included in a discussion of the analogy between the effects of surface active agents and those evident in anesthetics.To further investigate the relationship between the surface active chemical and the receptor membrane, a neurophysic'_:gical study was carried out, employing the sensory nerves supplying tb' last segment of the fourth walking leg of the crab Carcinus maenas(L). This investigation suggested that the partition coefficient of the surfactants between organic and inorganic phases is of considerable importance. Possible mechanisms by which surfactants may interact with, and inhibit the function of chemoreceptive membranes have been discussed with reference to recent membrane models.
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Published date: 1977
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Local EPrints ID: 462729
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/462729
PURE UUID: d049d3e9-6679-404f-b9c9-42828393da57
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Date deposited: 04 Jul 2022 19:47
Last modified: 04 Jul 2022 19:47
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Author:
Martin Christopher Lyes
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