Archaeology and ideology in nineteenth century Ireland : nationalism or neutrality?

Abstract

Following the growth of an aversion to the culture-historical approach to archaeological interpretation in the mid-twentieth century, most attempts to develop new theories of explanation concentrate on the exclusion of ideology and discussion has centred on whether archaeology is an empirical or a social science.

This thesis has taken the view that archaeology always incorporates ideology, as an essential component of a framework for explanation. Whereas scientism does not allow the resistances in discourse necessary for change, ideology permits a forum for debate which situates archaeology in society and confers its social function.

This research explores the development of archaeology in nineteenth century Britain and Ireland in historical context. Ireland, a geographically well defined area with a distinct history, but at that time unwillingly politically connected to Britain, is taken as a case study. A multidisciplinary approach is employed which involves the examination of archaeological and non-archaeological discourse as well as non discursive practices such as the use of monuments and the collection of artifacts, in order to critically analyze the discipline's place in contemporary society. Certain key ideological concepts of that era such as romanticism, nationalism, imperialism and individualism were found to be embedded in the discipline, but it was particularly sensitive to changes in society. Although nineteenth century archaeological practice was wholly dependent on the goodwill of those in power as confidence in archaeological methodology increased, so did the potential for the discipline to challenge dominant ideology.

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