Novel materials as potential infrared laser hosts

Sarkies, Julian Richard (1998) Novel materials as potential infrared laser hosts. University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.

Record type: Thesis (Doctoral)

Abstract

The work presented in this thesis has concentrated on an assessment and characterisation of potential laser host media which will only support low phonon or vibrational modes. This is a necessary criterion if systems in which the active ions are lanthanides are to be made to lase in the mid-infrared, as in conventional host media non-radiative processes dominate transitions in this region.

Research has concentrated upon two main areas. Firstly a spectroscopic study of lanthanide doped PBr₃/AlBr₃/SbBr₃ was undertaken. A detailed investigation and characterisation of the stable solution formation region was carried out. The doping levels achievable were seen to vary across the lanthanide series from a maximum 0.24mol% for praesodymium to a minimum 0.15mol% for ytterbium. Energies of the characteristic 4f absorptions of the trivalent lanthanides were measured, along with their oscillator strengths. Judd-Ofelt parameters were found for several rare earths. Stimulated emission cross sections were found to be higher than in conventional glass hosts for certain transitions, such as 6.83x10^-20cm² for the ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2 transition in the Nd³⁺ doped liquid. This was verified both experimentally and by the Ladenburg-Fuchtbauer relation when compared to a standard silicate glass.

The behaviour, both spectroscopic and physical, of the doped solutions was seen to change dramatically upon heating. Heating the solutions gave rise to higher crystallisation rates, but lower non-radiative relaxation rates. Waveguide and laser experiments were attempted in both bulk and capillary geometries, however material factors such as crystallisation and thermal lensing prevented laser action.

Secondly, rare earth doped planar waveguides of zinc sulphide were prepared. A full characterisation of the way in which waveguide loss was affected by factors such as deposition rate, doping level and waveguide masking during evaporation was performed. Waveguide losses as low as 1.5dB/cm at 980nm were measured. The loss was seen to have a strong λ^-4 dependence, indicating it was predominantly due to Rayleigh scattering.

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