Anxiety in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Dementia

Abstract

Little is known about the psychological experiences of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) although there is some evidence that they exhibit high levels of anxiety. The first paper of this thesis reviews some of the literature on MCI and goes on to explore possible explanations for anxiety within this group. There is some evidence that greater anxiety may be related to greater awareness of cognitive impairment, particularly in social situations. The literature on awareness is critically reviewed and the potential impact of social factors, particularly social phobia and social support on those with MCI and dementia is discussed.

The second paper of this thesis describes a study, which has aimed to explore factors potentially relating to the high levels of anxiety observed in individuals with MCI, using a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology. This study found a nonsignificant trend towards greater anxiety in a group of individuals with MCI when compared to a group with early dementia (ED) and, as predicted, a significant relationship between anxiety and awareness. No evidence was found for specific roles for social anxiety or social support in relation to anxiety or awareness in those with MCI and ED. The qualitative analysis highlighted areas of concern for individuals with cognitive impairment, including social interactions, loss of skills and fears for the future. The implications for clinical practice of these findings are also discussed.

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