Nature and the restoration-preference connection : a multi-method investigation

Regan, Clair Louise (2007) Nature and the restoration-preference connection : a multi-method investigation. University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.

Record type: Thesis (Doctoral)

Abstract

Theories, research, and folklore converge in support of two assertions: people generally like nature (preference); experiencing natural landscapes can be good for us (restoration). This thesis examined whether preferences for nature are stronger when most benefit is potentially afforded; i.e., when experiencing stress (stress reduction theory, e.g., Ulrich, 1983) or attentional fatigue (attention restoration theory, e.g., Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). The general hypothesis preference for nature is associated with restorative need was tested using a multi-method approach (indirect free response questionnaire; experimental studies with explicit and implicit measures). The questionnaire study uniquely examined within-participant place preferences across a range of mood states (positive as well as negative). Experimental studies were distinctive in using as stimuli images that were preference-matched across category (nature; human-influenced) at baseline. Restorative need was manipulated either within-participant (recall of experiencing 7 different moods) or between participant (experimentally induced stress, relaxation, or directed attentional fatigue). Although the studies were well designed and manipulation checks confirmed successful induction of different levels of stress and directed attentional fatigue, no support was found for the hypothesis that preferences for nature are associated with restorative need. Some recently published studies report results seemingly discordant with those found here; possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed in terms of the stimuli used, restorative need generated, and the statistical analyses employed.

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