Time under-utilisation by children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder
Time under-utilisation by children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder
The literature review provides an introduction into the highly prevalent, disabling development disorder known as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). It then describes the aetiology behind the condition and current psychological theories that attempt to account for the core features of AD/HD. Three types of psychological theories are described: (a) the theory of behavioural disinhibition and executive dysfunction, (b) theories of premature task disengagement, and (c) the state regulation deficit model. Psychological theories are then considered specifically in relation to the AD/HD child's difficulty using time effectively. Finally, areas for future research are highlighted.
The empirical paper aims to explore AD/HD children's use of time by testing the predictions made by competing theories of AD/HD with regards to AD/HD children's performance on the Matching Familiar Figures Task; a task that requires children to identify a task from amongst five similar foils. Twenty-five children with AD/HD and 25 controls completed the task under four different trial duration conditions (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-seconds). Control children significantly out-performed AD/HD children on all conditions except the 20-second trial duration condition. AD/HD children's poor performance appeared to be best explained by two factors: (a) their tendency to examine fewer stimuli than their peers and (b) their tendency to be slower to initiate a search. These deficits could reflect (a) poor motivation, (b) a state of under-arousal, (c) "slowness" when planning / implementing searches, and (d) difficulties adapting search approach / pace in accordance with the time available. Further research is recommended.
University of Southampton
Elgie, Sarah Ann Samantha
75d2385d-0b32-4e24-bc0f-dce7565c16bc
2002
Elgie, Sarah Ann Samantha
75d2385d-0b32-4e24-bc0f-dce7565c16bc
Elgie, Sarah Ann Samantha
(2002)
Time under-utilisation by children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.
Record type:
Thesis
(Doctoral)
Abstract
The literature review provides an introduction into the highly prevalent, disabling development disorder known as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). It then describes the aetiology behind the condition and current psychological theories that attempt to account for the core features of AD/HD. Three types of psychological theories are described: (a) the theory of behavioural disinhibition and executive dysfunction, (b) theories of premature task disengagement, and (c) the state regulation deficit model. Psychological theories are then considered specifically in relation to the AD/HD child's difficulty using time effectively. Finally, areas for future research are highlighted.
The empirical paper aims to explore AD/HD children's use of time by testing the predictions made by competing theories of AD/HD with regards to AD/HD children's performance on the Matching Familiar Figures Task; a task that requires children to identify a task from amongst five similar foils. Twenty-five children with AD/HD and 25 controls completed the task under four different trial duration conditions (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-seconds). Control children significantly out-performed AD/HD children on all conditions except the 20-second trial duration condition. AD/HD children's poor performance appeared to be best explained by two factors: (a) their tendency to examine fewer stimuli than their peers and (b) their tendency to be slower to initiate a search. These deficits could reflect (a) poor motivation, (b) a state of under-arousal, (c) "slowness" when planning / implementing searches, and (d) difficulties adapting search approach / pace in accordance with the time available. Further research is recommended.
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Published date: 2002
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Local EPrints ID: 467113
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/467113
PURE UUID: 4ec1d5ed-ad92-42bc-ac28-34f439be6b67
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Date deposited: 05 Jul 2022 08:12
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 20:59
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Author:
Sarah Ann Samantha Elgie
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