Parafoveal processing and transposed-letter effects in dyslexic reading
Parafoveal processing and transposed-letter effects in dyslexic reading
During parafoveal processing, skilled readers encode letter identity independently of letter position (Johnson et al., 2007). In the current experiment, we examined orthographic parafoveal processing in readers with dyslexia. Specifically, the eye movements of skilled readers and adult readers with dyslexia were recorded during a boundary paradigm experiment (Rayner, 1975). Parafoveal previews were either identical to the target word (e.g., nearly), a transposed-letter preview (e.g., enarly), or a substituted-letter preview (e.g., acarly). Dyslexic and non-dyslexic readers demonstrated orthographic parafoveal preview benefits during silent sentence reading and both reading groups encoded letter identity and letter position information parafoveally. However, dyslexic adults showed, that very early in lexical processing, during parafoveal preview, the positional information of a word's initial letters were encoded less flexibly compared to during skilled adult reading. We suggest that dyslexic readers are less able to benefit from correct letter identity information (i.e., in the letter transposition previews) due to the lack of direct mapping of orthography to phonology. The current findings demonstrate that dyslexic readers show consistent and dyslexic-specific reading difficulties in foveal and parafoveal processing during silent sentence reading.
dyslexia, eye movements, parafoveal processing, reading, transposed-letter effects
359-374
Kirkby, Julie
97c0aedd-d92b-45b7-a73f-64af0968a2a1
Barrington, Rhianna
1a97fdda-7e91-4d2e-a4ca-74ebefa35cb5
Drieghe, Denis
dfe41922-1cea-47f4-904b-26d5c9fe85ce
Liversedge, Simon
633687fb-449c-4639-acbb-16cd3416e1ca
4 August 2022
Kirkby, Julie
97c0aedd-d92b-45b7-a73f-64af0968a2a1
Barrington, Rhianna
1a97fdda-7e91-4d2e-a4ca-74ebefa35cb5
Drieghe, Denis
dfe41922-1cea-47f4-904b-26d5c9fe85ce
Liversedge, Simon
633687fb-449c-4639-acbb-16cd3416e1ca
Kirkby, Julie, Barrington, Rhianna, Drieghe, Denis and Liversedge, Simon
(2022)
Parafoveal processing and transposed-letter effects in dyslexic reading.
Dyslexia, 28 (3), .
(doi:10.1002/dys.1721).
Abstract
During parafoveal processing, skilled readers encode letter identity independently of letter position (Johnson et al., 2007). In the current experiment, we examined orthographic parafoveal processing in readers with dyslexia. Specifically, the eye movements of skilled readers and adult readers with dyslexia were recorded during a boundary paradigm experiment (Rayner, 1975). Parafoveal previews were either identical to the target word (e.g., nearly), a transposed-letter preview (e.g., enarly), or a substituted-letter preview (e.g., acarly). Dyslexic and non-dyslexic readers demonstrated orthographic parafoveal preview benefits during silent sentence reading and both reading groups encoded letter identity and letter position information parafoveally. However, dyslexic adults showed, that very early in lexical processing, during parafoveal preview, the positional information of a word's initial letters were encoded less flexibly compared to during skilled adult reading. We suggest that dyslexic readers are less able to benefit from correct letter identity information (i.e., in the letter transposition previews) due to the lack of direct mapping of orthography to phonology. The current findings demonstrate that dyslexic readers show consistent and dyslexic-specific reading difficulties in foveal and parafoveal processing during silent sentence reading.
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Kirkby, Barrington. Drieghe, & Liversedge (in press_
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Restricted to Repository staff only until 14 June 2024.
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Dyslexia - 2022 - Kirkby - Parafoveal processing and transposed‐letter effects in dyslexic reading
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More information
Accepted/In Press date: 14 June 2022
Published date: 4 August 2022
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
We would like to thank Lucy Worf and Leigh Baker for assisting with data collection. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in OSF at https://osf.io/45prg/?view_only=21c2c5ce19624c74acb560b7d37c740f.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Dyslexia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Keywords:
dyslexia, eye movements, parafoveal processing, reading, transposed-letter effects
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 467313
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/467313
ISSN: 1076-9242
PURE UUID: 1ad0ffac-1fbf-4213-8a25-d43ba2d71332
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Date deposited: 05 Jul 2022 17:04
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:19
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Contributors
Author:
Julie Kirkby
Author:
Rhianna Barrington
Author:
Simon Liversedge
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