The hypocholesterolaemic action of wheat bran and a mould (Fusarium)

Abstract

Rats fed diets supplemented with cholesterol and sodium cholera and containing wheat bran (100 g/kg) or a mould (400 g/kg) had significantly lower concentrations of cholesterol in liver and plasma compared to control animals receiving a diet containing cellulose (100•g/kg) as a source of fibre. No differences in plasma or liver cholesterol concentrations were observed when rate were fed on low-cholesterol diets containing wheat bran, the mould or cellulose. The faecal excretion of bile acids in rats receiving bran and mould diets was greater than in rats fed diets containing cellulose: neutral sterol (cholesterol + coprostanol) excretion was also increased in the mould group. The halflife of cholesterol, measured as the rate of excretion of tritium from hypercholesterolaemic rats injected intraperitoneally with (R3]-cholesterol, was similar in groups fed the mould (10.3 days) and bran (13.0 days) and slowest in rats fed a diet containing cellulose (20.7 days).Wheat bran and chemical fibre preparations derived from bran bound bile salts in vitro. The mould, cellulose and bran lignin had low capacities to bind bile salts. No hypocholesterolaemic activity was observed in rate fed chemical fibre preparations of wheat bran. Bran and mould absorbed and retained more water than cellulose in vitro. The mould produced hypoeholesterolaemia in hamsters fed on diets low in cholesterol after 45 days. The cholesterol-lowering affect of the mould was attributed to a diethyl ether soluble fraction.The hypocholesterolaemic action of the mould was probably caused by a decrease in absorption of endogenous and dietary cholesterol and a decreased absorption of bile acids. The binding of bile acids to wheat bran may be one of the factors responsible for increasing O bile acid excretion in rate fed on diets containing bran, thereby reducing body cholesterol.

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