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Allergic sensitization trajectories to age 8 years in the Singapore GUSTO cohort

Allergic sensitization trajectories to age 8 years in the Singapore GUSTO cohort
Allergic sensitization trajectories to age 8 years in the Singapore GUSTO cohort
Background
Allergic sensitization is linked to allergy development, with early sensitization often associated with worse outcomes. We aimed to identify if distinct allergic sensitization trajectories existed within a diverse and multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Methods
We administered modified ISAAC questionnaires in the first 8 years and conducted skin prick testing at ages 18 months, 3, 5 and 8 years in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. We used latent class analysis to derive allergic sensitization trajectories, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to evaluate predictive risk factors and associations with allergic comorbidities.

Results
Among 997 children, three trajectories were identified: early food and mite sensitization (16.2%), late mite sensitization (24.2%) and no/low sensitization (59.6%). Early food and mite sensitization was associated with early eczema by 6 months [AOR (95%CI) 4.67 (1.78–12.28)], increased risk of wheeze by 3–8 years (ARR 1.72–1.99) and eczema in the first 8 years of life (ARR 1.87–2.41). Late mite sensitization was associated with female sex [AOR 0.58 (0.35–0.96)], cesarean section [AOR 0.54 (0.30–0.98)], early eczema by 6 months [AOR 3.40 (1.38–8.42)], and increased risk of eczema by 18 months [ARR 1.47 (1.03–2.08)] and 8 years [ARR 1.35 (1.05–1.73)].

Conclusion
Early onset of eczema and early allergic sensitization were strongly associated. Early sensitization, especially to house dust mites, was associated with increased risks of developing wheeze and eczema, pointing to the importance of developing preventive perinatal interventions and effective therapeutics for sensitized toddlers.
Allergic sensitization trajectories, Eczema, House dust mite, Latent class analysis, Wheeze
1939-4551
Lau, Hui Xing
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Chen, Zhaojin
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Chan, Yiong Huak
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Tham, Elizabeth Huiwen
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Goh, Anne Eng Neo
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van Bever, Hugo
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Teoh, Oon Hoe
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Karnani, Neerja
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Gluckman, Peter D.
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Tan, Kok Hian
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Yap, Fabian
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Godfrey, Keith
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Eriksson, Johan G.
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Chong, Yap-Seng
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Lee, Bee Wah
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Shek, Lynette P.
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Loo, Evelyn Xiu-Ling
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Lau, Hui Xing
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Chen, Zhaojin
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Chan, Yiong Huak
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Tham, Elizabeth Huiwen
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Goh, Anne Eng Neo
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van Bever, Hugo
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Teoh, Oon Hoe
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Karnani, Neerja
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Gluckman, Peter D.
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Tan, Kok Hian
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Yap, Fabian
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Godfrey, Keith
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Eriksson, Johan G.
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Chong, Yap-Seng
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Lee, Bee Wah
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Shek, Lynette P.
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Loo, Evelyn Xiu-Ling
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Lau, Hui Xing, Chen, Zhaojin, Chan, Yiong Huak, Tham, Elizabeth Huiwen, Goh, Anne Eng Neo, van Bever, Hugo, Teoh, Oon Hoe, Karnani, Neerja, Gluckman, Peter D., Tan, Kok Hian, Yap, Fabian, Godfrey, Keith, Eriksson, Johan G., Chong, Yap-Seng, Lee, Bee Wah, Shek, Lynette P. and Loo, Evelyn Xiu-Ling (2022) Allergic sensitization trajectories to age 8 years in the Singapore GUSTO cohort. World Allergy Organization Journal, 15 (7), [100667]. (doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100667).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background
Allergic sensitization is linked to allergy development, with early sensitization often associated with worse outcomes. We aimed to identify if distinct allergic sensitization trajectories existed within a diverse and multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Methods
We administered modified ISAAC questionnaires in the first 8 years and conducted skin prick testing at ages 18 months, 3, 5 and 8 years in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. We used latent class analysis to derive allergic sensitization trajectories, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to evaluate predictive risk factors and associations with allergic comorbidities.

Results
Among 997 children, three trajectories were identified: early food and mite sensitization (16.2%), late mite sensitization (24.2%) and no/low sensitization (59.6%). Early food and mite sensitization was associated with early eczema by 6 months [AOR (95%CI) 4.67 (1.78–12.28)], increased risk of wheeze by 3–8 years (ARR 1.72–1.99) and eczema in the first 8 years of life (ARR 1.87–2.41). Late mite sensitization was associated with female sex [AOR 0.58 (0.35–0.96)], cesarean section [AOR 0.54 (0.30–0.98)], early eczema by 6 months [AOR 3.40 (1.38–8.42)], and increased risk of eczema by 18 months [ARR 1.47 (1.03–2.08)] and 8 years [ARR 1.35 (1.05–1.73)].

Conclusion
Early onset of eczema and early allergic sensitization were strongly associated. Early sensitization, especially to house dust mites, was associated with increased risks of developing wheeze and eczema, pointing to the importance of developing preventive perinatal interventions and effective therapeutics for sensitized toddlers.

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Accepted/In Press date: 15 June 2022
e-pub ahead of print date: 14 July 2022
Published date: July 2022
Additional Information: Funding Information: This research is supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore - NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008; NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014. Additional funding is provided by the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore. EH Tham is supported by the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Transition Award grant [MOH-TA18nov-003] from NMRC, Singapore. Godfrey KM is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12011/4), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Senior Investigator (NF-SI-0515-10042) and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-1215-20004)), the European Union (Erasmus + Programme ImpENSA 598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) and the British Heart Foundation (RG/15/17/3174, SP/F/21/150013). All authors declare that the study sponsors had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the article for publication. Funding Information: Early onset eczema by six months was associated with both EFMS and LMS. Our result is supported by the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study which also reported that early eczema by six months preceded and predicted allergic sensitization at one year. 24 Recently, the “outside-in” hypothesis, which postulates that early onset of eczema increases susceptibility to transcutaneous sensitization by allergens and initiates the atopic march leading to asthma and rhinitis, has gained attention. 25 Eczema with filaggrin mutations, a key gene in the skin barrier, has been associated with skin barrier integrity and degree of inhalant allergic sensitization, while such associations were not found for children with eczema who did not have filaggrin mutations. 26 Allergic sensitization can in turn increase the risk of having subsequent eczema later in childhood. 4 The Danish Allergy Research Centre cohort showed that, similar to our study, development of subsequent atopic dermatitis at age six years was associated with early food and inhalant sensitization and early atopic dermatitis from 0 to 18 months. 27 Funding Information: We thank the GUSTO study group and all clinical and home-visit staff involved. The voluntary participation of all subjects is greatly appreciated. The GUSTO study group includes Allan Sheppard, Amutha Chinnadurai, Anne Eng Neo Goh, Anne Rifkin-Graboi, Anqi Qiu, Arijit Biswas, Bee Wah Lee, Birit Froukje Philipp Broekman, Boon Long Quah, Chai Kiat Chng, Cheryl Shufen Ngo, Choon Looi Bong, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry, Daniel Yam Thiam Goh, Doris Ngiuk Lan Loh, Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Fabian Kok Peng Yap, George Seow Heong Yeo, Helen Yu Chen, Hugo P S van Bever, Iliana Magiati, Inez Bik Yun Wong, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Jeevesh Kapur, Jenny L. Richmond, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, Joanna Dawn Holbrook, Joshua J. Gooley, Karen Tan Mei Ling, Keith M. Godfrey, Kenneth Yung Chiang Kwek, Kok Hian Tan, Krishnamoorthy Naiduvaje, Leher Singh, Lin Lin Su, Lourdes Mary Daniel, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Marielle V. Fortier, Mark Hanson, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Mary Rauff, Mei Chien Chua, Michael J. Meaney, Mya Thway Tint, Neerja Karnani, Ngee Lek, Oon Hoe Teoh, P. C. Wong, Peter David Gluckman, Pratibha Keshav Agarwal, Rob Martinus van Dam, Salome A. Rebello, Seang Mei Saw, Shang Chee Chong, Shirong Cai, Shu-E Soh, Sok Bee Lim, Stephen Chin-Ying Hsu, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, Walter Stunkel, Wee Meng Han, Wei Wei Pang, Yap Seng Chong, Yin Bun Cheung, Yiong Huak Chan and Yung Seng Lee. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors
Keywords: Allergic sensitization trajectories, Eczema, House dust mite, Latent class analysis, Wheeze

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 468311
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/468311
ISSN: 1939-4551
PURE UUID: 7510def2-ee99-4b2c-96bd-ddc0b1d899ad
ORCID for Keith Godfrey: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-0618

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Date deposited: 10 Aug 2022 16:32
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 02:38

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Contributors

Author: Hui Xing Lau
Author: Zhaojin Chen
Author: Yiong Huak Chan
Author: Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
Author: Anne Eng Neo Goh
Author: Hugo van Bever
Author: Oon Hoe Teoh
Author: Neerja Karnani
Author: Peter D. Gluckman
Author: Kok Hian Tan
Author: Fabian Yap
Author: Keith Godfrey ORCID iD
Author: Johan G. Eriksson
Author: Yap-Seng Chong
Author: Bee Wah Lee
Author: Lynette P. Shek
Author: Evelyn Xiu-Ling Loo

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