Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of autism spectrum disorder from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries
Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of autism spectrum disorder from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) substantially contributes to the burden of mental disorders. Improved awareness and changes in diagnostic criteria of ASD may have influenced the diagnostic rates of ASD. However, while data on trends in diagnostic rates in some individual countries have been published, updated estimates of diagnostic rate trends and ASD-related disability at the global level are lacking. Here, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study data to address this gap, focusing on changes in prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASD across the world. From 1990 to 2019, overall age-standardized estimates remained stable globally. Both prevalence and DALYs increased in countries with high socio-demographic index (SDI). However, the age-standardized incidence decreased in some low SDI countries, indicating a need to improve awareness. The male/female ratio decreased between 1990 and 2019, possibly accounted for by increasing clinical attention to ASD in females. Our results suggest that ASD detection in low SDI countries is suboptimal, and that ASD prevention/treatment in countries with high SDI should be improved, considering the increasing prevalence of the disorder. Additionally, growing attention is being paid to ASD diagnosis in females, who might have been left behind by ASD epidemiologic and clinical research previously. ASD burden estimates are underestimated as GBD does not account for mortality in ASD.
4172-4180
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October 2022
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Solmi, Marco, Song, Minjin, Yon, Dong Keon, Lee, Seung Won, Fombonne, Eric, Kim, Min Seo, Park, Seoyeon, Lee, Min Ho, Hwang, Jimin, Keller, Roberto, Koyanagi, Ai, Jacob, Louis, Dragioti, Elena, Smith, Lee, Correll, Christoph U., Fusar-poli, Paolo, Croatto, Giovanni, Carvalho, Andre F., Oh, Jae Won, Lee, San, Gosling, Corentin J., Cheon, Keun-ah, Mavridis, Dimitris, Chu, Che-sheng, Liang, Chih-sung, Radua, Joaquim, Boyer, Laurent, Fond, Guillaume, Shin, Jae Il and Cortese, Samuele
(2022)
Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of autism spectrum disorder from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries.
Molecular Psychiatry, 27 (10), .
(doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01630-7).
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) substantially contributes to the burden of mental disorders. Improved awareness and changes in diagnostic criteria of ASD may have influenced the diagnostic rates of ASD. However, while data on trends in diagnostic rates in some individual countries have been published, updated estimates of diagnostic rate trends and ASD-related disability at the global level are lacking. Here, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study data to address this gap, focusing on changes in prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASD across the world. From 1990 to 2019, overall age-standardized estimates remained stable globally. Both prevalence and DALYs increased in countries with high socio-demographic index (SDI). However, the age-standardized incidence decreased in some low SDI countries, indicating a need to improve awareness. The male/female ratio decreased between 1990 and 2019, possibly accounted for by increasing clinical attention to ASD in females. Our results suggest that ASD detection in low SDI countries is suboptimal, and that ASD prevention/treatment in countries with high SDI should be improved, considering the increasing prevalence of the disorder. Additionally, growing attention is being paid to ASD diagnosis in females, who might have been left behind by ASD epidemiologic and clinical research previously. ASD burden estimates are underestimated as GBD does not account for mortality in ASD.
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Accepted/In Press date: 12 May 2022
e-pub ahead of print date: 29 June 2022
Published date: October 2022
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MS received honoraria/has been consultant for Angelini, Lundbeck. CUC has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Axsome, Damitsa, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Medscape, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Noven, Otsuka, Pfizer, Recordati, Rovi, Servier, SK Life Science, Sumitomo Dainippon, Sunovion, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Lundbeck, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of LB Pharma. SC is supported by the following grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR): RP-PG-0618-20003, NIHR128472, NIHR130077, NIHR203035, NIHR203684. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
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© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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Local EPrints ID: 468777
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/468777
ISSN: 1359-4184
PURE UUID: 31c75733-a778-462c-a298-4f3ad2b87267
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Date deposited: 25 Aug 2022 17:13
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:37
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Author:
Marco Solmi
Author:
Minjin Song
Author:
Dong Keon Yon
Author:
Seung Won Lee
Author:
Eric Fombonne
Author:
Min Seo Kim
Author:
Seoyeon Park
Author:
Min Ho Lee
Author:
Jimin Hwang
Author:
Roberto Keller
Author:
Ai Koyanagi
Author:
Louis Jacob
Author:
Elena Dragioti
Author:
Lee Smith
Author:
Christoph U. Correll
Author:
Paolo Fusar-poli
Author:
Giovanni Croatto
Author:
Andre F. Carvalho
Author:
Jae Won Oh
Author:
San Lee
Author:
Corentin J. Gosling
Author:
Keun-ah Cheon
Author:
Dimitris Mavridis
Author:
Che-sheng Chu
Author:
Chih-sung Liang
Author:
Joaquim Radua
Author:
Laurent Boyer
Author:
Guillaume Fond
Author:
Jae Il Shin
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