Rare pathogenic variants in WNK3 cause X-linked intellectual disability
Rare pathogenic variants in WNK3 cause X-linked intellectual disability
Purpose: WNK3 kinase (PRKWNK3) has been implicated in the development and function of the brain via its regulation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, but the role of WNK3 in human development is unknown. Method: We ascertained exome or genome sequences of individuals with rare familial or sporadic forms of intellectual disability (ID). Results: We identified a total of 6 different maternally-inherited, hemizygous, 3 loss-of-function or 3 pathogenic missense variants (p.Pro204Arg, p.Leu300Ser, p.Glu607Val) in WNK3 in 14 male individuals from 6 unrelated families. Affected individuals had ID with variable presence of epilepsy and structural brain defects. WNK3 variants cosegregated with the disease in 3 different families with multiple affected individuals. This included 1 large family previously diagnosed with X-linked Prieto syndrome. WNK3 pathogenic missense variants localize to the catalytic domain and impede the inhibitory phosphorylation of the neuronal-specific chloride cotransporter KCC2 at threonine 1007, a site critically regulated during the development of synaptic inhibition. Conclusion: Pathogenic WNK3 variants cause a rare form of human X-linked ID with variable epilepsy and structural brain abnormalities and implicate impaired phospho-regulation of KCC2 as a pathogenic mechanism.
Exome sequencing, KCC2, Neurodevelopmental disease, WNK3, X-linked intellectual disability
1941-1951
Küry, Sébastien
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Zhang, Jinwei
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Isidor, Bertrand
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September 2022
Küry, Sébastien
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Zhang, Jinwei
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Besnard, Thomas
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Caro-Llopis, Alfonso
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Zeng, Xue
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Robert, Stephanie M
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Josiah, Sunday S
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Kiziltug, Emre
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Denommé-Pichon, Anne-Sophie
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Cogné, Benjamin
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Li, Hong
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Stevenson, Roger E
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Vignard, Virginie
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Monaghan, Kristin G
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Haider, Shozeb
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