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Olaparib maintenance versus placebo monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (PIN): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial

Olaparib maintenance versus placebo monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (PIN): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial
Olaparib maintenance versus placebo monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (PIN): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial
Background: Impaired double strand DNA repair by homologous repair deficiency (HRD) leads to sensitivity to poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors target HRD to induce synthetic lethality and are used routinely in the treatment of BRCA1 mutated ovarian cancer in the platinum-sensitive maintenance setting. A subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harbour impaired DNA double strand break repair. We therefore hypothesised that patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer exhibiting partial responses to platinum doublet-based chemotherapy, might enrich for impaired HRD, rendering these tumours more sensitive to inhibition of PARP inhibition by olaparib.Methods: The Olaparib Maintenance versus Placebo Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer trial (PIN) was a multicentre double-blind placebo controlled randomised phase II screening trial. This study was conducted at 23 investigative hospital sites in the UK. Patients had advanced (stage IIIB/IV) squamous (Sq) or non-squamous (NSq) NSCLC, and had to be chemo-naive, European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1. Prior immunotherapy with a PD1 or PDL1 inhibitor was allowed. Patients could be registered for PIN prior to (stage 1), or after (stage 2) initiation of induction chemotherapy. If any tumour shrinkage was observed (any shrinkage of RECIST target lesions), following a minimum of 3 cycles of platinum doublet chemotherapy, patients were randomised 1:1 using a centralised online system, to either olaparib (300 mg twice daily by mouth in 21-day cycles) or placebo, which was continued until disease progression, or unacceptable toxicity. Intention to treat (ITT) analyses of the primary endpoint included all randomised participants. Per protocol (PP) safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with a one-sided p-value of 0.2 to demonstrate statistical significance. Hazard ratios (HR) for PFS were both unadjusted and adjusted for the randomisation balancing factors (smoking status and histology). The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01788332) and EudraCT (2012-003383-51).Findings: A total of 940 patients were assessed for stage 1 eligibility of whom 263 were registered between Feb 24, 2014 and Nov 7, 2017. 194 patients were excluded prior to stage 2 (no tumour shrinkage or unevaluable) and 70 were randomised; 32 (46%) to Olaparib and 38 (54%) to placebo. 4% (3/70) of patients randomised had a CR and 96% (67/70) had a PR (or other evidence of tumour response/mixed stable) during induction therapy. A total of 36 patients were registered in stage 2 only, i.e., post induction therapy. Intention to treat (ITT) unadjusted analysis showed a PFS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.83 (one-sided 80% CI upper limit 1.03, one-sided unadjusted log rank test p-value=0.23). ITT Cox-adjusted model showed a HR 0.73 (one-sided 80% CI upper limit 0.91, one sided p-value 0.11). Adverse events were reported in 31/32 subjects (97%) in the olaparib arm and 38/38 (100%) in the placebo group. The most commonly reported adverse events in the olaparib group were fatigue (20/31; 65%), nausea (17/31; 55%), anaemia (15/31; 48%) and dyspnea (13/31; 42%). In the placebo group the most common adverse events were fatigue (25/38; 66%), coughing (22/38; 58%), dyspnea (15/38; 39%) and nausea (11/38; 29%). There were no treatment-related deaths.Interpretation: PFS was longer in the olaparib arm, but this did not reach statistical significance. When the PFS HR was adjusted for smoking status and histology, a significant difference at the one-sided 0.2 level was observed, suggesting that tumour control may be achieved for chemosensitive NSCLC treated with PARP monotherapy. We speculate that this signal may be driven by a molecular subgroup harbouring HRD.Funding: This study was funded between AstraZeneca CRUK, National Cancer Research Institute, and Cancer Research UK Feasibility Study Committee.
HRD, Maintenance, NSCLC, Olaparib, PARP, Placebo, Randomised
2589-5370
Fennell, Dean A
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Porter, Catharine
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Lester, Jason
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Danson, Sarah
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Blackhall, Fiona
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Nicolson, Marianne
ed578571-b31b-4046-a15e-ce4c56f424e1
Nixon, Lisette
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Gardner, Georgina
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White, Ann
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Griffiths, Gareth
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Casbard, Angela
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Fennell, Dean A
e85713c5-cf7d-4d9c-b0de-f4302baa08ab
Porter, Catharine
e784d1ca-7569-4fa0-87ba-c84ef295cfe9
Lester, Jason
3a715211-2b06-4c31-b02b-ceeb9e757a2a
Danson, Sarah
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Blackhall, Fiona
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Nicolson, Marianne
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Nixon, Lisette
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Gardner, Georgina
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White, Ann
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Griffiths, Gareth
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Casbard, Angela
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Fennell, Dean A, Porter, Catharine, Lester, Jason, Danson, Sarah, Blackhall, Fiona, Nicolson, Marianne, Nixon, Lisette, Gardner, Georgina, White, Ann, Griffiths, Gareth and Casbard, Angela (2022) Olaparib maintenance versus placebo monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (PIN): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. EClinicalMedicine, 52, [101595]. (doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101595).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: Impaired double strand DNA repair by homologous repair deficiency (HRD) leads to sensitivity to poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors target HRD to induce synthetic lethality and are used routinely in the treatment of BRCA1 mutated ovarian cancer in the platinum-sensitive maintenance setting. A subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harbour impaired DNA double strand break repair. We therefore hypothesised that patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer exhibiting partial responses to platinum doublet-based chemotherapy, might enrich for impaired HRD, rendering these tumours more sensitive to inhibition of PARP inhibition by olaparib.Methods: The Olaparib Maintenance versus Placebo Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer trial (PIN) was a multicentre double-blind placebo controlled randomised phase II screening trial. This study was conducted at 23 investigative hospital sites in the UK. Patients had advanced (stage IIIB/IV) squamous (Sq) or non-squamous (NSq) NSCLC, and had to be chemo-naive, European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1. Prior immunotherapy with a PD1 or PDL1 inhibitor was allowed. Patients could be registered for PIN prior to (stage 1), or after (stage 2) initiation of induction chemotherapy. If any tumour shrinkage was observed (any shrinkage of RECIST target lesions), following a minimum of 3 cycles of platinum doublet chemotherapy, patients were randomised 1:1 using a centralised online system, to either olaparib (300 mg twice daily by mouth in 21-day cycles) or placebo, which was continued until disease progression, or unacceptable toxicity. Intention to treat (ITT) analyses of the primary endpoint included all randomised participants. Per protocol (PP) safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with a one-sided p-value of 0.2 to demonstrate statistical significance. Hazard ratios (HR) for PFS were both unadjusted and adjusted for the randomisation balancing factors (smoking status and histology). The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01788332) and EudraCT (2012-003383-51).Findings: A total of 940 patients were assessed for stage 1 eligibility of whom 263 were registered between Feb 24, 2014 and Nov 7, 2017. 194 patients were excluded prior to stage 2 (no tumour shrinkage or unevaluable) and 70 were randomised; 32 (46%) to Olaparib and 38 (54%) to placebo. 4% (3/70) of patients randomised had a CR and 96% (67/70) had a PR (or other evidence of tumour response/mixed stable) during induction therapy. A total of 36 patients were registered in stage 2 only, i.e., post induction therapy. Intention to treat (ITT) unadjusted analysis showed a PFS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.83 (one-sided 80% CI upper limit 1.03, one-sided unadjusted log rank test p-value=0.23). ITT Cox-adjusted model showed a HR 0.73 (one-sided 80% CI upper limit 0.91, one sided p-value 0.11). Adverse events were reported in 31/32 subjects (97%) in the olaparib arm and 38/38 (100%) in the placebo group. The most commonly reported adverse events in the olaparib group were fatigue (20/31; 65%), nausea (17/31; 55%), anaemia (15/31; 48%) and dyspnea (13/31; 42%). In the placebo group the most common adverse events were fatigue (25/38; 66%), coughing (22/38; 58%), dyspnea (15/38; 39%) and nausea (11/38; 29%). There were no treatment-related deaths.Interpretation: PFS was longer in the olaparib arm, but this did not reach statistical significance. When the PFS HR was adjusted for smoking status and histology, a significant difference at the one-sided 0.2 level was observed, suggesting that tumour control may be achieved for chemosensitive NSCLC treated with PARP monotherapy. We speculate that this signal may be driven by a molecular subgroup harbouring HRD.Funding: This study was funded between AstraZeneca CRUK, National Cancer Research Institute, and Cancer Research UK Feasibility Study Committee.

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Accepted/In Press date: 1 August 2022
Published date: October 2022
Additional Information: Funding Information: The study was sponsored by Velindre University NHS Trust. The Centre for Trials Research is supported by Cancer Research UK. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The authors wish to thank the participants and their families, the investigators, and the site personnel who participated in this study. We thank Allen Barham, our patient research partner. We thank the independent data monitoring committee: Jeff Evans (Chair), Ruth Plummer and Emma Hall. An AstraZeneca team has reviewed the study report. The Trial Management Group contributed to the article revision. Funding Information: This research was done with support from the Investigator-Sponsored Study Collaboration between AstraZeneca CRUK, National Cancer Research Institute,and Cancer Research UK Feasibility Study Committee and is thus part of the NCRN/NCRI portfolio of clinical trials. The study was sponsored by Velindre University NHS Trust. The Centre for Trials Research is supported by Cancer Research UK. The study was sponsored by Velindre University NHS Trust. The Centre for Trials Research is supported by Cancer Research UK. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The authors wish to thank the participants and their families, the investigators, and the site personnel who participated in this study. We thank Allen Barham, our patient research partner. We thank the independent data monitoring committee: Jeff Evans (Chair), Ruth Plummer and Emma Hall. An AstraZeneca team has reviewed the study report. The Trial Management Group contributed to the article revision. Funding Information: This research was done with support from the Investigator-Sponsored Study Collaboration between AstraZeneca CRUK, National Cancer Research Institute,and Cancer Research UK Feasibility Study Committee and is thus part of the NCRN/NCRI portfolio of clinical trials. The study was sponsored by Velindre University NHS Trust. The Centre for Trials Research is supported by Cancer Research UK. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors
Keywords: HRD, Maintenance, NSCLC, Olaparib, PARP, Placebo, Randomised

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 469586
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/469586
ISSN: 2589-5370
PURE UUID: 7f9c484c-95c6-4a41-ae48-be4e5bcd05e9
ORCID for Gareth Griffiths: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-8021

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Date deposited: 20 Sep 2022 16:58
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 01:53

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Contributors

Author: Dean A Fennell
Author: Catharine Porter
Author: Jason Lester
Author: Sarah Danson
Author: Fiona Blackhall
Author: Marianne Nicolson
Author: Lisette Nixon
Author: Georgina Gardner
Author: Ann White
Author: Angela Casbard

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