The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits
The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits
Traditionally, electroplating has involved the continuous deposition of a single layer of metal at constant current. However, electrodeposition of alternate layers can offer benefits such as reduced wear, improved corrosion resistance and higher tensile strength. The alternate layers can involve different morphology or thickness of metal, different metals or the alloy composition of layers with and without included particles. In the case of a single bath, electrocrystallisation is continuous but layers can be tailored to have different chemical composition, phase composition, morphology and microstructure. The composition of layers can also be systematically modified in a gradient fashion. The thickness of each metal layer can vary from >20 μm down to ≈1 nm; in the case of nanometre thick layers, up to 500 layers of 1 nm thick individual layers might be involved. Compact multilayer deposition from a single bath is often achieved by applying a potential waveform in the laboratory or pulsed current in industry. While multilayer electrodeposition is going through a phase of rediscovery, growth and diversification, the field can be traced back to a patent involving Cu–Ni multilayers, in 1905. Progress in multi-layered electrodeposition has made use of contemporary trends in electroplating research, including self-assembled layers, nanowire arrays and the use of deep eutectic solvents for electrolytes. The developing uses of multilayer deposits are seen to span industries as diverse as wear and corrosion resistant coatings, tool bits and heavy engineering. Speciality uses include electronic, optical and magnetic materials as well as catalytic electrode surfaces for electrochemical technology. Recommendations are made for topics which deserve further R & D.
Deposit composition, electroplating techniques, gradient deposit, pulsed current
233 - 244
Walsh, Frank
309528e7-062e-439b-af40-9309bc91efb2
3 September 2022
Walsh, Frank
309528e7-062e-439b-af40-9309bc91efb2
Walsh, Frank
(2022)
The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits.
Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 100 (5), .
(doi:10.1080/00202967.2022.2094078).
Abstract
Traditionally, electroplating has involved the continuous deposition of a single layer of metal at constant current. However, electrodeposition of alternate layers can offer benefits such as reduced wear, improved corrosion resistance and higher tensile strength. The alternate layers can involve different morphology or thickness of metal, different metals or the alloy composition of layers with and without included particles. In the case of a single bath, electrocrystallisation is continuous but layers can be tailored to have different chemical composition, phase composition, morphology and microstructure. The composition of layers can also be systematically modified in a gradient fashion. The thickness of each metal layer can vary from >20 μm down to ≈1 nm; in the case of nanometre thick layers, up to 500 layers of 1 nm thick individual layers might be involved. Compact multilayer deposition from a single bath is often achieved by applying a potential waveform in the laboratory or pulsed current in industry. While multilayer electrodeposition is going through a phase of rediscovery, growth and diversification, the field can be traced back to a patent involving Cu–Ni multilayers, in 1905. Progress in multi-layered electrodeposition has made use of contemporary trends in electroplating research, including self-assembled layers, nanowire arrays and the use of deep eutectic solvents for electrolytes. The developing uses of multilayer deposits are seen to span industries as diverse as wear and corrosion resistant coatings, tool bits and heavy engineering. Speciality uses include electronic, optical and magnetic materials as well as catalytic electrode surfaces for electrochemical technology. Recommendations are made for topics which deserve further R & D.
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Walsh Revised Multilayers_
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The continued development of multilayered and compositionally modulated electrodeposits
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Accepted/In Press date: 27 September 2021
e-pub ahead of print date: 27 July 2022
Published date: 3 September 2022
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© 2022 Institute of Materials Finishing Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Institute.
Keywords:
Deposit composition, electroplating techniques, gradient deposit, pulsed current
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Local EPrints ID: 469825
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/469825
ISSN: 0020-2967
PURE UUID: 2d70bfe4-e498-4d94-a68e-e88ab7bdab94
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Date deposited: 27 Sep 2022 16:30
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 07:29
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