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Effects of the reaction temperature and Ba/Ti precursor ratio on the crystallite size of BaTiO3 in hydrothermal synthesis

Effects of the reaction temperature and Ba/Ti precursor ratio on the crystallite size of BaTiO3 in hydrothermal synthesis
Effects of the reaction temperature and Ba/Ti precursor ratio on the crystallite size of BaTiO3 in hydrothermal synthesis

Nanocrystalline BaTiO 3 has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from titanium isopropoxide and barium hydroxide octahydrate. Reaction conditions including synthesis temperature and Ba/Ti precursor ratio have been explored with the aim of producing BaTiO 3 with small crystallites and a low concentration of defects. It has been found that the crystallite/particle size and tetragonality of the BaTiO 3 samples increase as the synthesis temperature increases; and the crystallite/particle size of BaTiO 3 is also affected by the Ba/Ti precursor ratio. The BaTiO 3 sample synthesised using a Ba/Ti precursor ratio of 2 : 1 at a reaction temperature of 120 °C exhibited homogeneous crystallites of the smallest size of 107 nm. Additionally, the Ba/Ti precursor ratio of 2 : 1 with synthesis temperature of 220 °C was found to produce a smaller concentration of defects in BaTiO 3

2046-2069
27809-27819
Zhang, Min
dfc78617-c6bf-40d9-a643-427ba8f2c24f
Falvey, Joseph
1a4206f6-48c0-4ece-961b-a5edbc2966a7
Hector, Andrew L.
f19a8f31-b37f-4474-b32a-b7cf05b9f0e5
Garcia-Araez, Nuria
9358a0f9-309c-495e-b6bf-da985ad81c37
Zhang, Min
dfc78617-c6bf-40d9-a643-427ba8f2c24f
Falvey, Joseph
1a4206f6-48c0-4ece-961b-a5edbc2966a7
Hector, Andrew L.
f19a8f31-b37f-4474-b32a-b7cf05b9f0e5
Garcia-Araez, Nuria
9358a0f9-309c-495e-b6bf-da985ad81c37

Zhang, Min, Falvey, Joseph, Hector, Andrew L. and Garcia-Araez, Nuria (2022) Effects of the reaction temperature and Ba/Ti precursor ratio on the crystallite size of BaTiO3 in hydrothermal synthesis. RSC Advances, 12 (43), 27809-27819. (doi:10.1039/d2ra03707f).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Nanocrystalline BaTiO 3 has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from titanium isopropoxide and barium hydroxide octahydrate. Reaction conditions including synthesis temperature and Ba/Ti precursor ratio have been explored with the aim of producing BaTiO 3 with small crystallites and a low concentration of defects. It has been found that the crystallite/particle size and tetragonality of the BaTiO 3 samples increase as the synthesis temperature increases; and the crystallite/particle size of BaTiO 3 is also affected by the Ba/Ti precursor ratio. The BaTiO 3 sample synthesised using a Ba/Ti precursor ratio of 2 : 1 at a reaction temperature of 120 °C exhibited homogeneous crystallites of the smallest size of 107 nm. Additionally, the Ba/Ti precursor ratio of 2 : 1 with synthesis temperature of 220 °C was found to produce a smaller concentration of defects in BaTiO 3

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Accepted/In Press date: 17 September 2022
Published date: 29 September 2022
Additional Information: Funding Information: The authors thank EPSRC for support under the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund (EP/R021295/1) and for an early career fellowship to NGA (EP/N024303/1). MZ thanks Patricia Goggin for help in the TEM; thanks Priti Tiwana and Russel Torah for help in the DLS Training; and thanks Andrea Russell for access to the Raman. The raw data associated with figures in this article and in the ESI can be found at https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D2382 . Funding Information: The authors thank EPSRC for support under the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund (EP/R021295/1) and for an early career fellowship to NGA (EP/N024303/1). MZ thanks Patricia Goggin for help in the TEM; thanks Priti Tiwana and Russel Torah for help in the DLS Training; and thanks Andrea Russell for access to the Raman. The raw data associated with figures in this article and in the ESI can be found at https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D2382. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 470710
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/470710
DOI: doi:10.1039/d2ra03707f
ISSN: 2046-2069
PURE UUID: 0503e540-a909-41b2-a886-c173b36beeed
ORCID for Min Zhang: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-0856
ORCID for Andrew L. Hector: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-2163
ORCID for Nuria Garcia-Araez: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-2379

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Date deposited: 18 Oct 2022 16:48
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 02:05

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Contributors

Author: Min Zhang ORCID iD
Author: Joseph Falvey
Author: Andrew L. Hector ORCID iD
Author: Nuria Garcia-Araez ORCID iD

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