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A transient ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 55

A transient ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 55
A transient ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 55
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of accreting compact objects with X-ray luminosities above 1039 erg s−1 . The average number of ULXs per galaxy is still not well-constrained, especially given the uncertainty on the fraction of ULX transients. Here, we report the identification of a new transient ULX in the galaxy NGC 55 (which we label as ULX-2), thanks to recent XMM–Newton and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory observations. This object was previously classified as a transient X-ray source with a luminosity around a few 1038 erg s−1 in a 2010 XMM–Newton observation. Thanks to new and deeper observations (∼130 ks each), we show that the source reaches a luminosity peak >1.6 × 1039 erg s−1. The X-ray spectrum of ULX-2 is much softer than in previous observations and fits in the class of soft ULXs. It can be well-described using a model with two thermal components, as often found in ULXs. The time-scales of the X-ray variability are of the order of a month and are likely driven by small changes in the accretion rate or due to super-orbital modulations, attributed to precession of the accretion disc, which is similar to other ULXs.

X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: XMMU J001446.81-391123.48, accretion, accretion discs
1365-2966
4669-4674
Robba, A.
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Pinto, C.
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Pintore, F.
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Rodriguez, G.
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Ambrosi, E.
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Barra, F.
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Cusumano, G.
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D'Ai, A.
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Del Santo, Melania
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Kosec, P.
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Marino, A.
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Middleton, Matthew
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Roberts, T.
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Salvaggio, C.
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Soria, R.
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Wolter, A.
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Walton, D.
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Robba, A.
ae496fde-8e23-4e98-b83f-5dab84907533
Pinto, C.
15a91e83-4522-41f1-9a59-5f60d65b3fa6
Pintore, F.
b156b03b-d3d8-428b-84fe-a8d41d895059
Rodriguez, G.
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Ambrosi, E.
a20c5e0f-9244-4466-9176-cc3255d7a557
Barra, F.
632ce531-51d0-4b5a-8945-734b577dce98
Cusumano, G.
9cd0de98-7a69-4f89-8c06-d7626a6c88df
D'Ai, A.
db3a89c6-cdab-4960-ac93-7f30a26e6bd5
Del Santo, Melania
4c83e63c-c6b7-4ee3-b80b-95ccebbad7fa
Kosec, P.
282f6cb4-884a-44b8-9b36-bdfa792cdd16
Marino, A.
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Middleton, Matthew
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Roberts, T.
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Salvaggio, C.
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Soria, R.
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Wolter, A.
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Walton, D.
8f908aab-67fc-4a8b-b35c-f87e4ab3d1d1

Robba, A., Pinto, C., Pintore, F., Rodriguez, G., Ambrosi, E., Barra, F., Cusumano, G., D'Ai, A., Del Santo, Melania, Kosec, P., Marino, A., Middleton, Matthew, Roberts, T., Salvaggio, C., Soria, R., Wolter, A. and Walton, D. (2022) A transient ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 55. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 515 (4), 4669-4674. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2018).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of accreting compact objects with X-ray luminosities above 1039 erg s−1 . The average number of ULXs per galaxy is still not well-constrained, especially given the uncertainty on the fraction of ULX transients. Here, we report the identification of a new transient ULX in the galaxy NGC 55 (which we label as ULX-2), thanks to recent XMM–Newton and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory observations. This object was previously classified as a transient X-ray source with a luminosity around a few 1038 erg s−1 in a 2010 XMM–Newton observation. Thanks to new and deeper observations (∼130 ks each), we show that the source reaches a luminosity peak >1.6 × 1039 erg s−1. The X-ray spectrum of ULX-2 is much softer than in previous observations and fits in the class of soft ULXs. It can be well-described using a model with two thermal components, as often found in ULXs. The time-scales of the X-ray variability are of the order of a month and are likely driven by small changes in the accretion rate or due to super-orbital modulations, attributed to precession of the accretion disc, which is similar to other ULXs.

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Accepted/In Press date: 13 July 2022
Published date: 1 October 2022
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
Keywords: X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: XMMU J001446.81-391123.48, accretion, accretion discs

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 470724
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/470724
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: e9f9cea8-a303-4344-a4c7-61cecff661ed

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Date deposited: 18 Oct 2022 17:11
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 22:23

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Contributors

Author: A. Robba
Author: C. Pinto
Author: F. Pintore
Author: G. Rodriguez
Author: E. Ambrosi
Author: F. Barra
Author: G. Cusumano
Author: A. D'Ai
Author: Melania Del Santo
Author: P. Kosec
Author: A. Marino
Author: T. Roberts
Author: C. Salvaggio
Author: R. Soria
Author: A. Wolter
Author: D. Walton

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