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Investigation of the acoustic vaporization threshold of lipid-coated perfluorobutane nanodroplets using both high-speed optical imaging and acoustic methods

Investigation of the acoustic vaporization threshold of lipid-coated perfluorobutane nanodroplets using both high-speed optical imaging and acoustic methods
Investigation of the acoustic vaporization threshold of lipid-coated perfluorobutane nanodroplets using both high-speed optical imaging and acoustic methods

A combination of ultrahigh-speed optical imaging (5 × 106 frames/s), B-mode ultrasound and passive cavitation detection was used to study the vaporization process and determine both the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) and inertial cavitation (IC) thresholds of phospholipid-coated perfluorobutane nanodroplets (PFB NDs, diameter = 237 ± 16 nm). PFB NDs have not previously been studied with ultrahigh-speed imaging and were observed to form individual microbubbles (1-10 μm) within two to three cycles and subsequently larger bubble clusters (10-50 μm). The ADV and IC thresholds did not statistically significantly differ and decreased with increasing pulse length (20-20,000 cycles), pulse repetition frequency (1-100 Hz), concentration (108-1010 NDs/mL), temperature (20°C-45°C) and decreasing frequency (1.5-0.5 MHz). Overall, the results indicate that at frequencies of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 MHz, PFB NDs can be vaporized at moderate peak negative pressures (<2.0 MPa), pulse lengths and pulse repetition frequencies. This finding is encouraging for the use of PFB NDs as cavitation agents, as these conditions are comparable to those required to achieve therapeutic effects with microbubbles, unlike those reported for higher-boiling-point NDs. The differences between the optically and acoustically determined ADV thresholds, however, suggest that application-specific thresholds should be defined according to the biological/therapeutic effect of interest.

Acoustics, Fluorocarbons, Nanoparticles, Optical Imaging/methods, Phospholipids, Volatilization
0301-5629
1826-1843
Wu, Qiang
fad3844e-9eba-496c-876d-3bbc9ee4a689
Mannaris, Christophoros
ec9c3302-0a0a-4953-840b-26ff09b4e633
May, Jonathan P
b54a262b-9f32-4435-8866-3b9c495294f3
Bau, Luca
7ab4b1fb-e69a-4a53-8275-aceac2c0d264
Polydorou, Anastasia
797af38a-23b3-404a-80af-e5c578554a6e
Ferri, Sara
8e7cd0da-0515-480b-9608-63ae1f795a95
Carugo, Dario
cf740d40-75f2-4073-9c6e-6fcf649512ca
Evans, Nicholas D
06a05c97-bfed-4abb-9244-34ec9f4b4b95
Stride, Eleanor
c0143e95-81fa-47c8-b9bc-5b4fc319bba6
Wu, Qiang
fad3844e-9eba-496c-876d-3bbc9ee4a689
Mannaris, Christophoros
ec9c3302-0a0a-4953-840b-26ff09b4e633
May, Jonathan P
b54a262b-9f32-4435-8866-3b9c495294f3
Bau, Luca
7ab4b1fb-e69a-4a53-8275-aceac2c0d264
Polydorou, Anastasia
797af38a-23b3-404a-80af-e5c578554a6e
Ferri, Sara
8e7cd0da-0515-480b-9608-63ae1f795a95
Carugo, Dario
cf740d40-75f2-4073-9c6e-6fcf649512ca
Evans, Nicholas D
06a05c97-bfed-4abb-9244-34ec9f4b4b95
Stride, Eleanor
c0143e95-81fa-47c8-b9bc-5b4fc319bba6

Wu, Qiang, Mannaris, Christophoros, May, Jonathan P, Bau, Luca, Polydorou, Anastasia, Ferri, Sara, Carugo, Dario, Evans, Nicholas D and Stride, Eleanor (2021) Investigation of the acoustic vaporization threshold of lipid-coated perfluorobutane nanodroplets using both high-speed optical imaging and acoustic methods. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 47 (7), 1826-1843. (doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.02.019).

Record type: Article

Abstract

A combination of ultrahigh-speed optical imaging (5 × 106 frames/s), B-mode ultrasound and passive cavitation detection was used to study the vaporization process and determine both the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) and inertial cavitation (IC) thresholds of phospholipid-coated perfluorobutane nanodroplets (PFB NDs, diameter = 237 ± 16 nm). PFB NDs have not previously been studied with ultrahigh-speed imaging and were observed to form individual microbubbles (1-10 μm) within two to three cycles and subsequently larger bubble clusters (10-50 μm). The ADV and IC thresholds did not statistically significantly differ and decreased with increasing pulse length (20-20,000 cycles), pulse repetition frequency (1-100 Hz), concentration (108-1010 NDs/mL), temperature (20°C-45°C) and decreasing frequency (1.5-0.5 MHz). Overall, the results indicate that at frequencies of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 MHz, PFB NDs can be vaporized at moderate peak negative pressures (<2.0 MPa), pulse lengths and pulse repetition frequencies. This finding is encouraging for the use of PFB NDs as cavitation agents, as these conditions are comparable to those required to achieve therapeutic effects with microbubbles, unlike those reported for higher-boiling-point NDs. The differences between the optically and acoustically determined ADV thresholds, however, suggest that application-specific thresholds should be defined according to the biological/therapeutic effect of interest.

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More information

Published date: July 2021
Keywords: Acoustics, Fluorocarbons, Nanoparticles, Optical Imaging/methods, Phospholipids, Volatilization

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 471178
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/471178
ISSN: 0301-5629
PURE UUID: 38e609d9-822b-4342-ad4b-24575ff906b0
ORCID for Jonathan P May: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-130X
ORCID for Nicholas D Evans: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-4388

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 31 Oct 2022 17:31
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:53

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Contributors

Author: Qiang Wu
Author: Christophoros Mannaris
Author: Jonathan P May ORCID iD
Author: Luca Bau
Author: Anastasia Polydorou
Author: Sara Ferri
Author: Dario Carugo
Author: Eleanor Stride

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