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Synchrotron X-ray metrology of dopant distribution and oxidation state in high pressure CVD grown TM2+:ZnSe optical fibers

Synchrotron X-ray metrology of dopant distribution and oxidation state in high pressure CVD grown TM2+:ZnSe optical fibers
Synchrotron X-ray metrology of dopant distribution and oxidation state in high pressure CVD grown TM2+:ZnSe optical fibers
High pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) has shown to be a promising method for producing Cr2+:ZnSe and Fe2+:ZnSe mid-IR optical fiber lasers. The oxidation state of the dopants and their spatial homogeneity are critical for the characterization of effective fiber laser performance; however, this is challenging for small fiber cores and small doping concentrations. We demonstrate using synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping to study the distribution of the dopants throughout the fiber cross-sections. Furthermore, we study the local chemical environment of these unique fiber structures using micro X-ray near edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES). Our study reveals that transition metal doped ZnSe deposited using HPCVD has nanoscale dopant aggregation although the material is chemically identical to the commercially produced diffusion doped laser crystals, as indicated by the presence +2 oxidation state of the dopants. This work demonstrates the power of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for use as metrology tools for improving the performance of laser materials in fiber
2159-3930
289-298
Coco, Michael G.
146a73ad-2be1-4079-bf28-97f2579d5175
Aro, Stephen C.
825c8f2d-901d-49ba-a538-6e156e54af3a
Hendrickson, Alexander
a96221e4-c9c0-4221-8a2c-aa60a0c3a9ed
Krug, James P.
04a909be-6b7e-46a9-bb7b-65487d057346
Lai, Barry
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Cai, Zhonghou
52b526b1-0674-4ab5-bbd5-bcc753f4b844
Sazio, Pier J.
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Mcdaniel, Sean A.
1a6c4423-c63c-495d-8355-2f7d4f43d591
Cook, Gary
c33461e4-ea73-4b67-bdf8-9940f9c90f75
Gopalan, Venkatraman
c37ec093-614a-4b1c-a6ec-a5b32f398a58
Badding, John V.
dd484978-a8b8-4d1f-9b9e-b6b33bde9e7b
Coco, Michael G.
146a73ad-2be1-4079-bf28-97f2579d5175
Aro, Stephen C.
825c8f2d-901d-49ba-a538-6e156e54af3a
Hendrickson, Alexander
a96221e4-c9c0-4221-8a2c-aa60a0c3a9ed
Krug, James P.
04a909be-6b7e-46a9-bb7b-65487d057346
Lai, Barry
5e5baf93-745b-4c71-b168-e3bf44694d7c
Cai, Zhonghou
52b526b1-0674-4ab5-bbd5-bcc753f4b844
Sazio, Pier J.
0d6200b5-9947-469a-8e97-9147da8a7158
Mcdaniel, Sean A.
1a6c4423-c63c-495d-8355-2f7d4f43d591
Cook, Gary
c33461e4-ea73-4b67-bdf8-9940f9c90f75
Gopalan, Venkatraman
c37ec093-614a-4b1c-a6ec-a5b32f398a58
Badding, John V.
dd484978-a8b8-4d1f-9b9e-b6b33bde9e7b

Coco, Michael G., Aro, Stephen C., Hendrickson, Alexander, Krug, James P., Lai, Barry, Cai, Zhonghou, Sazio, Pier J., Mcdaniel, Sean A., Cook, Gary, Gopalan, Venkatraman and Badding, John V. (2021) Synchrotron X-ray metrology of dopant distribution and oxidation state in high pressure CVD grown TM2+:ZnSe optical fibers. Optical Materials Express, 11 (2), 289-298. (doi:10.1364/OME.414201).

Record type: Article

Abstract

High pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) has shown to be a promising method for producing Cr2+:ZnSe and Fe2+:ZnSe mid-IR optical fiber lasers. The oxidation state of the dopants and their spatial homogeneity are critical for the characterization of effective fiber laser performance; however, this is challenging for small fiber cores and small doping concentrations. We demonstrate using synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping to study the distribution of the dopants throughout the fiber cross-sections. Furthermore, we study the local chemical environment of these unique fiber structures using micro X-ray near edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES). Our study reveals that transition metal doped ZnSe deposited using HPCVD has nanoscale dopant aggregation although the material is chemically identical to the commercially produced diffusion doped laser crystals, as indicated by the presence +2 oxidation state of the dopants. This work demonstrates the power of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for use as metrology tools for improving the performance of laser materials in fiber

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Accepted/In Press date: 7 December 2020
Published date: 11 January 2021
Additional Information: F This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for Nanoscale Materials, both DOE Office of Science User Facilities operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. An OSA-formatted open access journal article PDF may be governed by the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement signed by the author and any applicable copyright laws. Authors and readers may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use it for text or data mining without asking prior permission from the publisher or the Author(s), as long as the purpose is non-commercial and appropriate attribution is maint

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 472117
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/472117
ISSN: 2159-3930
PURE UUID: 772c2e06-e225-4a18-a14f-58614cc18e1a
ORCID for Pier J. Sazio: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-9266

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Date deposited: 25 Nov 2022 18:02
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:55

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Contributors

Author: Michael G. Coco
Author: Stephen C. Aro
Author: Alexander Hendrickson
Author: James P. Krug
Author: Barry Lai
Author: Zhonghou Cai
Author: Pier J. Sazio ORCID iD
Author: Sean A. Mcdaniel
Author: Gary Cook
Author: Venkatraman Gopalan
Author: John V. Badding

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