Testosterone and cortisol do not predict rejecting harm or maximizing outcomes in sacrificial moral dilemmas: a preregistered analysis
Testosterone and cortisol do not predict rejecting harm or maximizing outcomes in sacrificial moral dilemmas: a preregistered analysis
Contemporary moral psychology explores the biological underpinnings of morality, including how neuromodulators influence moral judgment and decision making. Some studies suggest that higher circulating testosterone is associated with increased acceptance of sacrificial harm, such as killing one person to save five lives, consistent with utilitarian ethics and inconsistent with deontological ethics. However, most studies employ conventional analytic techniques that conflate concern about outcomes with reduced concern about sacrificial harm, many are statistically underpowered, and none examine potential regulating effects of cortisol. Therefore, we examined whether salivary concentrations of testosterone and cortisol jointly predict sacrificial dilemma judgments among a large sample of undergraduates (n = 199). We utilized an advanced cognitive modeling technique (process dissociation) to independently assess sensitivity to causing harm and maximizing outcomes, preregistering the prediction that higher testosterone would predict reduced harm-rejection rather than increased concern for outcomes, especially among people low in cortisol. However, neither testosterone, nor cortisol, nor their interaction predicted sacrificial dilemma response tendencies. Such findings raise questions about the robustness of past evidence suggesting links between testosterone and sacrificial dilemma judgments.
testosterone, cortisol, moral judgment, dual-hormone hypothesis, process dissociation
Reynolds, Caleb J.
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Makhanova, Anastasia
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Eckel, Lisa
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Nikonova, Larissa
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Conway, Paul
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28 September 2021
Reynolds, Caleb J.
c8ea5d23-9002-4b25-b077-ffeedfe9ffd3
Makhanova, Anastasia
c7025786-5721-4772-9bc9-9a090617a37b
Eckel, Lisa
5c51717b-7deb-4914-b0f5-5d9996694ea0
Nikonova, Larissa
f998775a-e957-482c-b824-ed025c062fa4
Conway, Paul
765aaaf9-173f-44cf-be9a-c8ffbb51e286
Reynolds, Caleb J., Makhanova, Anastasia, Eckel, Lisa, Nikonova, Larissa and Conway, Paul
(2021)
Testosterone and cortisol do not predict rejecting harm or maximizing outcomes in sacrificial moral dilemmas: a preregistered analysis.
Hormones and Behavior, 136.
(doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105063).
Abstract
Contemporary moral psychology explores the biological underpinnings of morality, including how neuromodulators influence moral judgment and decision making. Some studies suggest that higher circulating testosterone is associated with increased acceptance of sacrificial harm, such as killing one person to save five lives, consistent with utilitarian ethics and inconsistent with deontological ethics. However, most studies employ conventional analytic techniques that conflate concern about outcomes with reduced concern about sacrificial harm, many are statistically underpowered, and none examine potential regulating effects of cortisol. Therefore, we examined whether salivary concentrations of testosterone and cortisol jointly predict sacrificial dilemma judgments among a large sample of undergraduates (n = 199). We utilized an advanced cognitive modeling technique (process dissociation) to independently assess sensitivity to causing harm and maximizing outcomes, preregistering the prediction that higher testosterone would predict reduced harm-rejection rather than increased concern for outcomes, especially among people low in cortisol. However, neither testosterone, nor cortisol, nor their interaction predicted sacrificial dilemma response tendencies. Such findings raise questions about the robustness of past evidence suggesting links between testosterone and sacrificial dilemma judgments.
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Accepted/In Press date: 14 September 2021
Published date: 28 September 2021
Additional Information:
12 month embargo - Elsevier
Keywords:
testosterone, cortisol, moral judgment, dual-hormone hypothesis, process dissociation
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Local EPrints ID: 472561
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/472561
ISSN: 0018-506X
PURE UUID: c70f74b0-4b0c-4814-a019-c578720a0967
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Date deposited: 08 Dec 2022 17:33
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:17
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Contributors
Author:
Caleb J. Reynolds
Author:
Anastasia Makhanova
Author:
Lisa Eckel
Author:
Larissa Nikonova
Author:
Paul Conway
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