Examining the impact of exposure, built environment and socio-demographics on pedestrian safety: A case study of Greater London
Examining the impact of exposure, built environment and socio-demographics on pedestrian safety: A case study of Greater London
Walking as a mode of travel alleviates congestion, pollution and concerns over physical fitness. However, safety concerns might be a barrier for some people to walking more often, so finding ways to improve pedestrian safety is important. This paper conducts a ward-level study of Greater London such that factors which are associated with pedestrian safety can be identified and interventions to improve safety can be more appropriately targeted. A wide range of factors relating to exposure, land use, built and natural environment, and socio-demographics, including markers of deprivation were considered in our analysis. We employed a multilevel random parameters negative binomial regression model with a hierarchical structure which encompassed the boroughs and wards of Greater London allowing dependency in the data and unobserved heterogeneity to be addressed more fully. The results show that BAME population, number of schools, job density and alcohol expenditure are associated with an increase in pedestrian crashes as are crime rate and children in child benefit households, which are both markers of deprivation. Also, the average number of cars per household, the proportion of green space and the percentage of adults who commute by walking have a decreasing effect on pedestrian crash frequency. This study identifies important determinates of ward-level pedestrian safety and estimates the magnitude of their association with pedestrian safety and in doing so reveals important between borough (local authority) differences in the Greater London area in terms of pedestrian safety which were not previously known or well-understood.
Crash frequency, Deprivation, Hierarchical (multilevel) data, Macro-level, Pedestrian safety, Random parameters
Forrest, Michael
4a70d401-79b2-4020-b2b4-c524a5c8a62d
Heydari, Shahram
0d12a583-a4e8-4888-9e51-a50d312be1e9
Cherrett, Tom
e5929951-e97c-4720-96a8-3e586f2d5f95
1 March 2023
Forrest, Michael
4a70d401-79b2-4020-b2b4-c524a5c8a62d
Heydari, Shahram
0d12a583-a4e8-4888-9e51-a50d312be1e9
Cherrett, Tom
e5929951-e97c-4720-96a8-3e586f2d5f95
Forrest, Michael, Heydari, Shahram and Cherrett, Tom
(2023)
Examining the impact of exposure, built environment and socio-demographics on pedestrian safety: A case study of Greater London.
Safety Science, 159, [106015].
(doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2022.106015).
Abstract
Walking as a mode of travel alleviates congestion, pollution and concerns over physical fitness. However, safety concerns might be a barrier for some people to walking more often, so finding ways to improve pedestrian safety is important. This paper conducts a ward-level study of Greater London such that factors which are associated with pedestrian safety can be identified and interventions to improve safety can be more appropriately targeted. A wide range of factors relating to exposure, land use, built and natural environment, and socio-demographics, including markers of deprivation were considered in our analysis. We employed a multilevel random parameters negative binomial regression model with a hierarchical structure which encompassed the boroughs and wards of Greater London allowing dependency in the data and unobserved heterogeneity to be addressed more fully. The results show that BAME population, number of schools, job density and alcohol expenditure are associated with an increase in pedestrian crashes as are crime rate and children in child benefit households, which are both markers of deprivation. Also, the average number of cars per household, the proportion of green space and the percentage of adults who commute by walking have a decreasing effect on pedestrian crash frequency. This study identifies important determinates of ward-level pedestrian safety and estimates the magnitude of their association with pedestrian safety and in doing so reveals important between borough (local authority) differences in the Greater London area in terms of pedestrian safety which were not previously known or well-understood.
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Accepted/In Press date: 9 November 2022
e-pub ahead of print date: 17 November 2022
Published date: 1 March 2023
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Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
Keywords:
Crash frequency, Deprivation, Hierarchical (multilevel) data, Macro-level, Pedestrian safety, Random parameters
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Local EPrints ID: 472933
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/472933
ISSN: 0925-7535
PURE UUID: f71148f3-ddd4-4508-bc41-47309540bfe7
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Date deposited: 06 Jan 2023 12:48
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:06
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