Functional dependency and its associated factors among older adults in Indonesia

Abstract

Background/Purpose: this study aims to investigate dependency according
to Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
(IADL) indices and its associated risk and protective factors among Indonesian
older adults.

Methods: the sociodemographic factors and health variables from the
Indonesia Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5), the only large-scale longitudinal field
survey in Indonesia, cross-sectional data of 4236 older adults aged 60 and
over were used. ADL and IADL were assessed using the Katz and Lawton
indices. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess
the associations between dependency (measured by ADL and IADL) and
sociodemographic, health variables, and other factors.

Results: among older adults (mean age: 66.88±6.23), 12.7% and 25.6% were
dependent based on ADLs and IADLs, respectively. ADL and IADL limitations
were associated with older age, living in rural areas, low life satisfaction,
self-perceived unhealthy, low social capital, depression, having one or more
chronic conditions, having dementia, engaging low physical activities, being
overweight/obese, having a history of falls and self-reported insomnia.

Conclusion: improving physical and mental health, creating more age-friendly
environment, and reducing chronic morbidities through increasing
social capital and physical activity to maintain a healthy weight can all reduce
the risk for dependency and are particularly important in rural areas. Effective
and local government policy can support this.

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Identifiers

ORCID for Elisabeth Schröder-Butterfill: orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-8710

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