Physical restraint events in psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong: a cohort register study
Physical restraint events in psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong: a cohort register study
The need to better monitor coercion practices in psychiatric hospitals has been recognised. We aim to describe how physical restraint events occur in psychiatric hospitals and identify factors associated with physical-restraint use. A cohort register study was used. We analyzed physical restraint documents among 14 wards in two psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong (1 July and 31 December 2018). In total, 1798 incidents occurred (the rate of physical restraint event 0.43). Typically, physically restrained patients were in early middle-age, of both genders, diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and admitted voluntarily. Alternate methods for physical restraint were reported, such as an explanation of the situation to the patients, time-out or sedation. A longer period of being physically restrained was associated with being male, aged ≥40 years, having involuntary status, and neurodevelopmental-disorder diagnosis. Our findings support a call for greater action to promote the best practices in managing patient aggression and decreasing the use of physical restraint in psychiatric wards. The reasons for the use of physical restraint, especially for those patients who are admitted to a psychiatric hospital on a voluntary basis and are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, needs to be better understood and analysed.
coercion, Hong Kong, hospital, physical restraint, psychiatric, register
Välimäki, Maritta
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Lam, Yuen Ting Joyce
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Hipp, Kirsi
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Cheng, Po Yee Ivy
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Ng, Tony
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Ip, Glendy
3ea96497-eb65-47f0-8d56-a90358796cb0
Lee, Paul
02620eab-ae7f-4a1c-bad1-8a50e7e48951
Cheung, Teris
230558d0-9254-44ab-a7e5-aab6ad90e205
Bressington, Daniel
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Lantta, Tella
81981340-4ded-42b6-bee1-5280c9d7aa09
16 May 2022
Välimäki, Maritta
e59ac0d1-173d-4e70-b4d8-ac4021450831
Lam, Yuen Ting Joyce
aa236a11-aded-4243-906b-a48c6f37d1db
Hipp, Kirsi
2152e5b9-26f3-461b-bf3a-630a4c8cac6d
Cheng, Po Yee Ivy
20419ea3-be4d-4037-a5d7-6c2f73480db9
Ng, Tony
cd0c4a13-d5c7-435f-bf10-c36e2b404a17
Ip, Glendy
3ea96497-eb65-47f0-8d56-a90358796cb0
Lee, Paul
02620eab-ae7f-4a1c-bad1-8a50e7e48951
Cheung, Teris
230558d0-9254-44ab-a7e5-aab6ad90e205
Bressington, Daniel
6f62dd2f-b313-4a67-8605-6d526f908488
Lantta, Tella
81981340-4ded-42b6-bee1-5280c9d7aa09
Välimäki, Maritta, Lam, Yuen Ting Joyce, Hipp, Kirsi and Lee, Paul
,
et al.
(2022)
Physical restraint events in psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong: a cohort register study.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (10), [6032].
(doi:10.3390/ijerph19106032).
Abstract
The need to better monitor coercion practices in psychiatric hospitals has been recognised. We aim to describe how physical restraint events occur in psychiatric hospitals and identify factors associated with physical-restraint use. A cohort register study was used. We analyzed physical restraint documents among 14 wards in two psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong (1 July and 31 December 2018). In total, 1798 incidents occurred (the rate of physical restraint event 0.43). Typically, physically restrained patients were in early middle-age, of both genders, diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and admitted voluntarily. Alternate methods for physical restraint were reported, such as an explanation of the situation to the patients, time-out or sedation. A longer period of being physically restrained was associated with being male, aged ≥40 years, having involuntary status, and neurodevelopmental-disorder diagnosis. Our findings support a call for greater action to promote the best practices in managing patient aggression and decreasing the use of physical restraint in psychiatric wards. The reasons for the use of physical restraint, especially for those patients who are admitted to a psychiatric hospital on a voluntary basis and are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, needs to be better understood and analysed.
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More information
Accepted/In Press date: 12 May 2022
Published date: 16 May 2022
Additional Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (grant number: 1-ZE84) and the Academy of Finland fund (grant numbers: 294298, 307367).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keywords:
coercion, Hong Kong, hospital, physical restraint, psychiatric, register
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 474969
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/474969
ISSN: 1661-7827
PURE UUID: 782a1108-7217-4a8c-9ca3-071d8f12bdbe
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Date deposited: 07 Mar 2023 17:50
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 04:08
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Contributors
Author:
Maritta Välimäki
Author:
Yuen Ting Joyce Lam
Author:
Kirsi Hipp
Author:
Po Yee Ivy Cheng
Author:
Tony Ng
Author:
Glendy Ip
Author:
Paul Lee
Author:
Teris Cheung
Author:
Daniel Bressington
Author:
Tella Lantta
Corporate Author: et al.
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