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A rapid optical and X-ray timing study of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814

A rapid optical and X-ray timing study of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814
A rapid optical and X-ray timing study of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814
We present a rapid timing analysis of optical (HiPERCAM and ULTRACAM) and X-ray (NICER) observations of the X-ray transient Swift J1858.6-0814 during 2018 and 2019. The optical light curves show relatively slow, large amplitude (~1 mags in g$_s$) `blue' flares (i.e. stronger at shorter wavelengths) on time-scales of ~minutes as well as fast, small amplitude (~0.1 mag in g$_s$) `red' flares (i.e. stronger at longer wavelengths) on time-scales of ~seconds. The `blue' and `red' flares are consistent with X-ray reprocessing and optically thin synchrotron emission, respectively, similar to what is observed in other X-ray binaries. The simultaneous optical versus soft- and hard-band X-ray light curves show time- and energy dependent correlations. The 2019 March 4 and parts of the June data show a nearly symmetric positive cross correlations (CCFs) at positive lags consistent with simple X-ray disc reprocessing. The soft- and hard-band CCFs are similar and can be reproduced if disc reprocessing dominates in the optical and one component (disc or synchrotron Comptonization) dominates both the soft and hard X-rays. A part of the 2019 June data shows a very different CCFs. The observed positive correlation at negative lag in the soft-band can be reproduced if the optical synchrotron emission is correlated with the hot flow X-ray emission. The observed timing properties are in qualitative agreement with the hybrid inner hot accretion flow model, where the relative role of the different X-ray and optical components that vary during the course of the outburst, as well as on shorter time-scales, govern the shape of the optical/X-ray CCFs.
astro-ph.HE, accretion, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: Swift J1858.6−0814, accretion discs, stars: neutron
1365-2966
542–559
Shahbaz, T.
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Paice, J.A.
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Rajwade, K. M.
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Veledina, A.
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Gandhi, P.
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Dhillon, V.S.
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Marsh, T.R.
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Littlefair, S.
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Kennedy, M.R.
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Breton, R.P.
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Clark, C.J.
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Shahbaz, T.
fcdbb441-db9b-4c77-bc20-ed743210f2bf
Paice, J.A.
8ac21dae-fc44-4797-b2aa-31125c9172ae
Rajwade, K. M.
a90e3462-4de7-453f-aea4-10b8ac3d8da1
Veledina, A.
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Gandhi, P.
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Dhillon, V.S.
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Marsh, T.R.
47b29152-afe3-46a4-b64c-330f03443ff1
Littlefair, S.
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Kennedy, M.R.
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Breton, R.P.
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Clark, C.J.
11227d4e-f80f-4434-959c-3b8f6aaf199a

Shahbaz, T., Paice, J.A., Rajwade, K. M., Veledina, A., Gandhi, P., Dhillon, V.S., Marsh, T.R., Littlefair, S., Kennedy, M.R., Breton, R.P. and Clark, C.J. (2023) A rapid optical and X-ray timing study of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 520 (1), 542–559. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stad163).

Record type: Article

Abstract

We present a rapid timing analysis of optical (HiPERCAM and ULTRACAM) and X-ray (NICER) observations of the X-ray transient Swift J1858.6-0814 during 2018 and 2019. The optical light curves show relatively slow, large amplitude (~1 mags in g$_s$) `blue' flares (i.e. stronger at shorter wavelengths) on time-scales of ~minutes as well as fast, small amplitude (~0.1 mag in g$_s$) `red' flares (i.e. stronger at longer wavelengths) on time-scales of ~seconds. The `blue' and `red' flares are consistent with X-ray reprocessing and optically thin synchrotron emission, respectively, similar to what is observed in other X-ray binaries. The simultaneous optical versus soft- and hard-band X-ray light curves show time- and energy dependent correlations. The 2019 March 4 and parts of the June data show a nearly symmetric positive cross correlations (CCFs) at positive lags consistent with simple X-ray disc reprocessing. The soft- and hard-band CCFs are similar and can be reproduced if disc reprocessing dominates in the optical and one component (disc or synchrotron Comptonization) dominates both the soft and hard X-rays. A part of the 2019 June data shows a very different CCFs. The observed positive correlation at negative lag in the soft-band can be reproduced if the optical synchrotron emission is correlated with the hot flow X-ray emission. The observed timing properties are in qualitative agreement with the hybrid inner hot accretion flow model, where the relative role of the different X-ray and optical components that vary during the course of the outburst, as well as on shorter time-scales, govern the shape of the optical/X-ray CCFs.

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Accepted/In Press date: 12 January 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 14 January 2023
Published date: 1 March 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: Based on observations were made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias, installed at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, on the island of La Palma. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme 096.D-0808. We gratefully acknowledge the use of python packages: matplotlib (Hunter ) and numpy (van der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux ). We acknowledge to use of Aladin (Bonnarel et al. ). This research has made use of data and/or software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC and the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, and Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE). Funding Information: TS and VSD acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) under grant PID2020-114822GB-I00. KMR acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694745). PG and JAP acknowledges support from Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and a UGC-UKIERI Thematic Partnership. TRM acknowledges support from STFC, grant ST/T000406/1. MRK acknowledges support from the Irish Research Council in the form of a Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship (GOIPD/2021/670: Invisible Monsters). MRK, RPB, and CJC acknowledge support from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 715051; Spiders). The design and construction of HiPERCAM was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under ERC-2013-ADG Grant Agreement no. 340040 (HiPERCAM). HiPERCAM operations and VSD are supported by STFC grant ST/V000853/1. Funding Information: TS and VSD acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) under grant PID2020-114822GB-I00. KMR acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 694745). PG and JAP acknowledges support from Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and a UGC-UKIERI Thematic Partnership. TRM acknowledges support from STFC, grant ST/T000406/1. MRK acknowledges support from the Irish Research Council in the form of a Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship (GOIPD/2021/670: Invisible Monsters). MRK, RPB, and CJC acknowledge support from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 715051; Spiders). The design and construction of HiPERCAM was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under ERC-2013-ADG Grant Agreement no. 340040 (HiPERCAM). HiPERCAM operations and VSD are supported by STFC grant ST/V000853/1. Based on observations were made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias, installed at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, on the island of La Palma. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme 096.D-0808. We gratefully acknowledge the use of PYTHON packages: MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007) and NUMPY (van der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011). We acknowledge to use of Aladin (Bonnarel et al. 2000). This research has made use of data and/or software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC and the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) have been made possible through contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, and Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Keywords: astro-ph.HE, accretion, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individual: Swift J1858.6−0814, accretion discs, stars: neutron

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Local EPrints ID: 475254
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/475254
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: 3c723865-c2a0-4ce0-8f06-ec36689f54b6
ORCID for P. Gandhi: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-2615

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Date deposited: 14 Mar 2023 17:50
Last modified: 10 Apr 2024 01:50

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Contributors

Author: T. Shahbaz
Author: J.A. Paice
Author: K. M. Rajwade
Author: A. Veledina
Author: P. Gandhi ORCID iD
Author: V.S. Dhillon
Author: T.R. Marsh
Author: S. Littlefair
Author: M.R. Kennedy
Author: R.P. Breton
Author: C.J. Clark

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