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Ru-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes with Aryl Halides

Ru-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes with Aryl Halides
Ru-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes with Aryl Halides

Although the ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylation of arenes bearing directing groups with haloarenes is well-known, this process has never been achieved in the absence of directing groups. We report the first example of such a process and show that unexpectedly the reaction only takes place in the presence of catalytic amounts of a benzoic acid. Furthermore, contrary to other transition metals, the arylation site selectivity is governed by both electronic and steric factors. Stoichiometric and NMR mechanistic studies support a catalytic cycle that involves a well-defined Η6-arene-ligand-free Ru(II) catalyst. Indeed, upon initial pivalate-assisted C-H activation, the aryl-Ru(II) intermediate generated is able to react with an aryl bromide coupling partner only in the presence of a benzoate additive. In contrast, directing-group-containing substrates (such as 2-phenylpyridine) do not require a benzoate additive. Deuterium labeling and kinetic isotope effect experiments indicate that C-H activation is both reversible and kinetically significant. Computational studies support a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD)-type ruthenation mode and shed light on the unusual arylation regioselectivity.

0002-7863
3596-3606
Simonetti, Marco
859f8ed1-6afe-44aa-869d-6817bf23c1c2
Perry, Gregory J.P.
766e7fc8-abf3-4d1e-9949-c1b3439a2185
Cambeiro, Xacobe C.
7ffebb93-bb0a-4dd6-a079-3aeabb18f082
Juliá-Hernández, Francisco
d03b3b98-5f26-4ed0-9034-bf79b4fadc90
Arokianathar, Jude N.
b7d7085a-a91a-41f0-86ce-ea9a982edf7a
Larrosa, Igor
6ab25161-9d87-4f15-8559-0c0e59810989
Simonetti, Marco
859f8ed1-6afe-44aa-869d-6817bf23c1c2
Perry, Gregory J.P.
766e7fc8-abf3-4d1e-9949-c1b3439a2185
Cambeiro, Xacobe C.
7ffebb93-bb0a-4dd6-a079-3aeabb18f082
Juliá-Hernández, Francisco
d03b3b98-5f26-4ed0-9034-bf79b4fadc90
Arokianathar, Jude N.
b7d7085a-a91a-41f0-86ce-ea9a982edf7a
Larrosa, Igor
6ab25161-9d87-4f15-8559-0c0e59810989

Simonetti, Marco, Perry, Gregory J.P., Cambeiro, Xacobe C., Juliá-Hernández, Francisco, Arokianathar, Jude N. and Larrosa, Igor (2016) Ru-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes with Aryl Halides. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138 (10), 3596-3606. (doi:10.1021/jacs.6b01615).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Although the ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylation of arenes bearing directing groups with haloarenes is well-known, this process has never been achieved in the absence of directing groups. We report the first example of such a process and show that unexpectedly the reaction only takes place in the presence of catalytic amounts of a benzoic acid. Furthermore, contrary to other transition metals, the arylation site selectivity is governed by both electronic and steric factors. Stoichiometric and NMR mechanistic studies support a catalytic cycle that involves a well-defined Η6-arene-ligand-free Ru(II) catalyst. Indeed, upon initial pivalate-assisted C-H activation, the aryl-Ru(II) intermediate generated is able to react with an aryl bromide coupling partner only in the presence of a benzoate additive. In contrast, directing-group-containing substrates (such as 2-phenylpyridine) do not require a benzoate additive. Deuterium labeling and kinetic isotope effect experiments indicate that C-H activation is both reversible and kinetically significant. Computational studies support a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD)-type ruthenation mode and shed light on the unusual arylation regioselectivity.

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More information

Published date: 16 March 2016
Additional Information: Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, EP/I038578/1 and EP/K039547/1) for funding and the European Research Council for a Starting Grant (to I.L.). We are grateful to EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service (Swansea), and Majid Motevalli (QMUL), and Infligo J. Vitorica-Yrezabal (UoM) for X-ray crystallography. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 American Chemical Society.

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 475274
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/475274
ISSN: 0002-7863
PURE UUID: eccd81c8-ed1e-42d3-a901-14916a5ba736
ORCID for Gregory J.P. Perry: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-3369

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Date deposited: 14 Mar 2023 18:01
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 02:17

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Contributors

Author: Marco Simonetti
Author: Gregory J.P. Perry ORCID iD
Author: Xacobe C. Cambeiro
Author: Francisco Juliá-Hernández
Author: Jude N. Arokianathar
Author: Igor Larrosa

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