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High-density disc reflection spectroscopy of low-mass active galactic nuclei

High-density disc reflection spectroscopy of low-mass active galactic nuclei
High-density disc reflection spectroscopy of low-mass active galactic nuclei
The standard alpha-disc model predicts an anticorrelation between the density of the inner accretion disc and the black hole mass times square of the accretion rate, as seen in higher mass (MBH > 106 M⊙) active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this work, we test the predictions of the alpha-disc model and study the properties of the inner accretion flow for the low-mass end (MBH ≍ 105-6 M⊙) of AGNs. We utilize a new high-density disc reflection model where the density parameter varies from ne = 1015 to 1020 cm-3 and apply it to the broad-band X-ray (0.3-10 keV) spectra of the low-mass AGN sample. The sources span a wide range of Eddington fractions and are consistent with being sub-Eddington or near-Eddington. The X-ray spectra reveal a soft X-ray excess below ~1.5 keV which is well modelled by high-density reflection from an ionized accretion disc of density ne ~ 1018 cm-3 on average. The results suggest a radiation pressure-dominated disc with an average of 70 per cent fraction of the disc power transferred to the corona, consistent with that observed in higher mass AGNs. We show that the disc density higher than 1015 cm-3 can result from the radiation pressure compression when the disc surface does not hold a strong magnetic pressure gradient. We find tentative evidence for a drop in black hole spin at low-mass regimes.
X-rays: galaxies, accretion, accretion discs, black hole physics, galaxies: active, galaxies: nuclei, relativistic processes
1365-2966
4361-4379
Mallick, L.
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Fabian, A. C.
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García, J. A.
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Tomsick, J. A.
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Parker, M. L.
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Dauser, T.
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Wilkins, D. R.
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De Marco, B.
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Steiner, J. F.
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Connors, R. M. T.
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Mastroserio, G.
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Markowitz, A. G.
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Pinto, C.
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Alston, W. N.
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Lohfink, A. M.
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Gandhi, P.
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et al.
Mallick, L.
783ab2cd-e49d-41f4-95a7-745ec949ab72
Fabian, A. C.
b9bef0bc-2ecd-49dc-ab2b-954cabea88ba
García, J. A.
c9c5b240-fc95-4a3b-b79f-bc6e70ce876e
Tomsick, J. A.
96b2e8cc-70c1-424a-8380-2551a5077ff5
Parker, M. L.
1aa7cf88-0be1-411d-8f01-e7f7fee19be2
Dauser, T.
8f79578d-1fbc-44aa-8760-b54b5a80c6b9
Wilkins, D. R.
89956ac0-f1da-46f7-99b9-cc2a7ae4672f
De Marco, B.
7764443e-25f3-499b-9be5-887c36a15dc1
Steiner, J. F.
7f446296-425e-4236-9ea7-a7d2694a90b5
Connors, R. M. T.
82074e50-036d-4979-8bc3-e17f8212465a
Mastroserio, G.
e8e6100d-5826-4b46-9b56-abcb4d3abdbe
Markowitz, A. G.
dbeebc9c-a3d2-48bf-9a10-bc9226c2582e
Pinto, C.
58399201-43a7-4be1-9653-7022c7f95579
Alston, W. N.
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Lohfink, A. M.
4efee873-2053-4837-92d2-2f1c7a6c4ccd
Gandhi, P.
5bc3b5af-42b0-4dd8-8f1f-f74048d4d4a9

Mallick, L., Fabian, A. C., García, J. A. and Gandhi, P. , et al. (2022) High-density disc reflection spectroscopy of low-mass active galactic nuclei. Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society, 513 (3), 4361-4379. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stac990).

Record type: Article

Abstract

The standard alpha-disc model predicts an anticorrelation between the density of the inner accretion disc and the black hole mass times square of the accretion rate, as seen in higher mass (MBH > 106 M⊙) active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this work, we test the predictions of the alpha-disc model and study the properties of the inner accretion flow for the low-mass end (MBH ≍ 105-6 M⊙) of AGNs. We utilize a new high-density disc reflection model where the density parameter varies from ne = 1015 to 1020 cm-3 and apply it to the broad-band X-ray (0.3-10 keV) spectra of the low-mass AGN sample. The sources span a wide range of Eddington fractions and are consistent with being sub-Eddington or near-Eddington. The X-ray spectra reveal a soft X-ray excess below ~1.5 keV which is well modelled by high-density reflection from an ionized accretion disc of density ne ~ 1018 cm-3 on average. The results suggest a radiation pressure-dominated disc with an average of 70 per cent fraction of the disc power transferred to the corona, consistent with that observed in higher mass AGNs. We show that the disc density higher than 1015 cm-3 can result from the radiation pressure compression when the disc surface does not hold a strong magnetic pressure gradient. We find tentative evidence for a drop in black hole spin at low-mass regimes.

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Accepted/In Press date: 5 April 2022
Published date: 1 July 2022
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
Keywords: X-rays: galaxies, accretion, accretion discs, black hole physics, galaxies: active, galaxies: nuclei, relativistic processes

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 475535
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/475535
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: 39666224-03b8-4b55-9d87-1e7ddf5281bc
ORCID for P. Gandhi: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-2615

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Date deposited: 21 Mar 2023 17:39
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:37

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Contributors

Author: L. Mallick
Author: A. C. Fabian
Author: J. A. García
Author: J. A. Tomsick
Author: M. L. Parker
Author: T. Dauser
Author: D. R. Wilkins
Author: B. De Marco
Author: J. F. Steiner
Author: R. M. T. Connors
Author: G. Mastroserio
Author: A. G. Markowitz
Author: C. Pinto
Author: W. N. Alston
Author: A. M. Lohfink
Author: P. Gandhi ORCID iD
Corporate Author: et al.

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