TCF-ALP: a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Staphylococcus bacteria and application in “smart” wound dressings
TCF-ALP: a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Staphylococcus bacteria and application in “smart” wound dressings
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme-based biomarker present in several bacterial species; however, it is currently undervalued as a strategy to detect pathogenic bacteria. Here, we explore our ALP-responsive colorimetric and fluorescent probe (TCF-ALP) for such applications. TCF-ALP displayed a colorimetric and fluorescence response towards Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with a limit of detection of 3.7 × 106 CFU mL−1 after 24 h incubation. To our surprise, TCF-ALP proved selective towards Staphylococcus bacteria when compared with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Selectivity was also seen in clinically relevant S. aureus biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence and surface location of S. aureus in chronic wounds, TCF-ALP was subsequently encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels as a proof-of-concept “smart” wound dressing. TCF-ALP hydrogels were capable of detecting S. aureus in planktonic and biofilm assays, and displayed a clear colour change from yellow to purple after 24 h incubation using ex vivo porcine skin models. Overall, TCF-ALP is a simple tool that requires no prior knowledge, training, or specialist equipment, and has the potential to overcome issues related to invasive swabbing and tissue biopsy methods. Thus, TCF-ALP could be used as a tool to monitor the early development of infection in a wound and allow for the rapid provision of appropriate treatment for Staphylococcal bacterial infections.
4433-4439
Gwynne, Lauren
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Williams, George
26810522-92ef-4b61-a766-582bf15be280
Yan, Kai-Cheng
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Patenall, Bethany Lee
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Gardiner, Jordan E.
3cdda2bd-8e0d-45c4-a9ed-ed73be5ae249
He, Xiao-Peng
d14ac412-8378-4611-aff7-5037f44ece14
Maillard, Jean-Yves
9d45e659-b5c3-403f-9814-0c0170f00863
James, Tony D.
5cfd8c35-9fa1-4583-934e-5bc6961f6fa5
Sedgwick, Adam C.
7329dac0-8976-4885-bbe9-6edb9d1ab017
Jenkins, A. Toby A.
e0e4ebe3-c2d6-4aae-81eb-66923f6f98dd
11 May 2021
Gwynne, Lauren
98d6197d-32de-42a3-bd48-7e21e1b877f2
Williams, George
26810522-92ef-4b61-a766-582bf15be280
Yan, Kai-Cheng
f7a6de33-530c-4625-8067-c9f5b912e572
Patenall, Bethany Lee
6307b448-a628-4242-bec2-b7dd2ac7d21a
Gardiner, Jordan E.
3cdda2bd-8e0d-45c4-a9ed-ed73be5ae249
He, Xiao-Peng
d14ac412-8378-4611-aff7-5037f44ece14
Maillard, Jean-Yves
9d45e659-b5c3-403f-9814-0c0170f00863
James, Tony D.
5cfd8c35-9fa1-4583-934e-5bc6961f6fa5
Sedgwick, Adam C.
7329dac0-8976-4885-bbe9-6edb9d1ab017
Jenkins, A. Toby A.
e0e4ebe3-c2d6-4aae-81eb-66923f6f98dd
Gwynne, Lauren, Williams, George, James, Tony D., Sedgwick, Adam C. and Jenkins, A. Toby A.
,
et al.
(2021)
TCF-ALP: a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Staphylococcus bacteria and application in “smart” wound dressings.
Biomaterials Science, 2021 (12), .
(doi:10.1039/D0BM01918F).
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme-based biomarker present in several bacterial species; however, it is currently undervalued as a strategy to detect pathogenic bacteria. Here, we explore our ALP-responsive colorimetric and fluorescent probe (TCF-ALP) for such applications. TCF-ALP displayed a colorimetric and fluorescence response towards Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with a limit of detection of 3.7 × 106 CFU mL−1 after 24 h incubation. To our surprise, TCF-ALP proved selective towards Staphylococcus bacteria when compared with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Selectivity was also seen in clinically relevant S. aureus biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence and surface location of S. aureus in chronic wounds, TCF-ALP was subsequently encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels as a proof-of-concept “smart” wound dressing. TCF-ALP hydrogels were capable of detecting S. aureus in planktonic and biofilm assays, and displayed a clear colour change from yellow to purple after 24 h incubation using ex vivo porcine skin models. Overall, TCF-ALP is a simple tool that requires no prior knowledge, training, or specialist equipment, and has the potential to overcome issues related to invasive swabbing and tissue biopsy methods. Thus, TCF-ALP could be used as a tool to monitor the early development of infection in a wound and allow for the rapid provision of appropriate treatment for Staphylococcal bacterial infections.
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More information
Accepted/In Press date: 8 May 2021
Published date: 11 May 2021
Additional Information:
Funding for this research was provided by: Medical Research Council (MR/N0137941/1)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (21788102, 91853201, 21722801, 81673489, 31871414), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (17520750100)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (222201717003) University of Kent
Henan Normal University (2020ZD01), Royal Society
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 475704
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/475704
ISSN: 2047-4849
PURE UUID: dd32f9a6-b2e5-47f2-8f12-4da03cccc2c7
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Date deposited: 24 Mar 2023 18:30
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:17
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Contributors
Author:
Lauren Gwynne
Author:
George Williams
Author:
Kai-Cheng Yan
Author:
Bethany Lee Patenall
Author:
Jordan E. Gardiner
Author:
Xiao-Peng He
Author:
Jean-Yves Maillard
Author:
Tony D. James
Author:
Adam C. Sedgwick
Author:
A. Toby A. Jenkins
Corporate Author: et al.
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