READ ME File For 'Dataset for Photonic Metamaterial Analogue of a Continuous Time Crystal'

Dataset DOI: 10.5258/SOTON/D2540

ReadMe Author: TONGJUN LIU, University of Southampton [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-1734]

This dataset supports the publication: Photonic Metamaterial Analogue of a Continuous Time Crystal
AUTHORS: Tongjun Liu, Jun-Yu Ou, Kevin F. MacDonald, and Nikolay I. Zheludev
TITLE: Photonic Metamaterial Analogue of a Continuous Time Crystal
JOURNAL: Nature Physics
PAPER DOI IF KNOWN: 

Contents
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This research data description should be read and understood in the context of the corresponding manuscript. The figure numbers correspond to the figure numbers of the manuscript and the data corresponds to the data as shown in the figures.
The figure descriptions as given in the corresponding manuscript are given below.  
The file contains the data for figures 2, 3, and 4.
[Figure 1 is a combination of schematic graphics and electron microscope images]

Fig. 2. Persistence, stability and interruption of synchronized oscillations. Evolution of the spectrum of transmissivity oscillations [SD = spectral density]: with time-invariant incident optical power above the threshold of synchronization (a), whereby synchronized oscillation persists indefinitely and the frequency of oscillation does not change; with incident power sinusoidally modulated to a depth of 5% [from the P = 124.3 µW level, at 260 Hz] (b), whereby synchronized oscillation is maintained at a frequency that adiabatically dependents upon incident power; at higher level of incident optical power modulation (20%) (c), whereby synchronization is periodically suppressed and recovered, giving rise to transmissivity oscillation bursts, shown in closer detail in d.

Fig. 3. Synchronization phase. (a) Time domain trace of a single transmissivity oscillation burst [orange line] overlayed on a trace showing the time dependence of incident laser power [in the 20% modulation regime, dashed black line]. (b) Imaginary vs. real part of spectral amplitude at 855 kHz, the frequency at which a strongly synchronized state (SSS) is achieved, from the Fourier spectra of 155 consecutive bursts of transmissivity oscillation over intervals equal to the period of incident light intensity modulation, as illustrated in Fig. 3a. [Incident light intensity is modulated at 560 Hz.]

Fig. 4. Synchronization as a first-order phase transition process. Analysis of a burst of metamaterial array transmissivity oscillation during a single cycle of 20% incident laser power modulation. Plates show (a) the peak amplitude, (b) spectral width, and (c) central frequency of transmissivity spectral density [SD] for increasing (orange symbols) and decreasing (blue) incident laser power. Oscillatory regimes referred to as the incoherent state [IS], weakly synchronized state [WSS], and strongly synchronized state [SSS] are annotated in (a). For increasing laser powers from zero up to the IS-to-WSS transition, the small level of transmissivity modulation does not allow reliable measurements of oscillation frequency or peak width. As such, no symbols are plotted in (b) and (c) in this range, and hollow symbols are plotted in (a).

Geographic location of data collection: University of Southampton, U.K.

Related projects:
The Physics & Technology of Photonic Metadevices & Metasystems
EPSRC
EP/M009122/1

Dataset available under a CC BY 4.0 licence