Current Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD
Current Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition associated with impaired function and increased risk of poor outcomes in children, young people and adults with the condition. Currently approved pharmacological treatments for ADHD include a range of stimulant (methylphenidate, amphetamine) and nonstimulant (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine) medications. All have been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD and improving other functional outcomes including quality of life, academic performance, rates of accidents and injuries, and do not appear to be associated with significant adverse outcomes or side effects. In this chapter, we review medications for ADHD by summarising the mechanisms of action of each of the two main classes of compounds (stimulants and nonstimulants), the formulations of the most commonly prescribed medications within each class, their efficacy in treating ADHD symptoms and other outcomes, and other factors that influence treatment decisions including side effects and tolerability, comorbidities and medical history. We conclude with a summary of the treatment decisions made by clinicians and suggest some next steps for research. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of these medications and how exactly they improve symptoms, and to examine their effects on commonly occurring comorbidities.
Adolescent, Adult, Atomoxetine Hydrochloride/pharmacology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy, Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects, Child, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Humans, Methylphenidate/pharmacology, Quality of Life
19-50
Groom, Madeleine J
0950cda7-451f-40c3-a4e2-e6df8629de55
Cortese, Samuele
53d4bf2c-4e0e-4c77-9385-218350560fdb
30 April 2022
Groom, Madeleine J
0950cda7-451f-40c3-a4e2-e6df8629de55
Cortese, Samuele
53d4bf2c-4e0e-4c77-9385-218350560fdb
Groom, Madeleine J and Cortese, Samuele
(2022)
Current Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD.
In,
New Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences.
(Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 57)
.
(doi:10.1007/7854_2022_330).
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Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition associated with impaired function and increased risk of poor outcomes in children, young people and adults with the condition. Currently approved pharmacological treatments for ADHD include a range of stimulant (methylphenidate, amphetamine) and nonstimulant (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine) medications. All have been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD and improving other functional outcomes including quality of life, academic performance, rates of accidents and injuries, and do not appear to be associated with significant adverse outcomes or side effects. In this chapter, we review medications for ADHD by summarising the mechanisms of action of each of the two main classes of compounds (stimulants and nonstimulants), the formulations of the most commonly prescribed medications within each class, their efficacy in treating ADHD symptoms and other outcomes, and other factors that influence treatment decisions including side effects and tolerability, comorbidities and medical history. We conclude with a summary of the treatment decisions made by clinicians and suggest some next steps for research. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of these medications and how exactly they improve symptoms, and to examine their effects on commonly occurring comorbidities.
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Published date: 30 April 2022
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© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Keywords:
Adolescent, Adult, Atomoxetine Hydrochloride/pharmacology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy, Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects, Child, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Humans, Methylphenidate/pharmacology, Quality of Life
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Local EPrints ID: 476052
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476052
ISSN: 1866-3370
PURE UUID: a8bd0c7f-2764-40c6-9b4d-dafecd75f2a8
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Date deposited: 04 Apr 2023 17:04
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:37
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Author:
Madeleine J Groom
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