Role of foetal kidney size on kidney function in childhood: the born in bradford cohort renal study
Role of foetal kidney size on kidney function in childhood: the born in bradford cohort renal study
Background: Foetal and early childhood development contributes to the risk of adult non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate whether kidney size at birth is associated with markers of kidney function at 7–11 years. Methods: Foetal kidney dimensions were measured using ultrasound scans at 34 weeks gestation and used to derive kidney volume (cm 3) in 1802 participants in the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort. Blood and urine samples were taken from those who participated in the BiB follow-up at 7–11 years (n = 630) and analysed for serum creatinine, cystatin C, urea, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) and retinol binding protein (RBP). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using Schwartz creatinine only and combined with cystatin C, and cystatin C only Zappitelli and Filler equations. Linear regression was used to examine the association between foetal kidney volume and eGFR, ACR, PCR and blood pressure, unadjusted and adjusted for confounders. Results: Kidney volume was positively associated in adjusted models with eGFR calculated using Schwartz combined (0.64 ml/min diff per unit increase in volume, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.02), Zappitelli (0.79, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.20) and Filler (2.84, 95% CI 1.40 to 4.28). There was an association with the presence of albuminuria but not with its level, or with other urinary markers or with blood pressure. Conclusion: Foetal kidney volume was associated with small increases in eGFR in mid-childhood. Longitudinal follow-up to investigate the relationship between kidney volume and markers of kidney function as children go through puberty is required.
foetal development, kidney volume
Ziauddeen, Nida
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Jeffrey, Robin F.
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Waiblinger, Dagmar
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Fraser, Simon D.S.
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Alwan, Nisreen A.
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Yuen, Ho M.
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Azad, Rafaq
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Mason, Dan
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Wright, John
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Coward, Richard J.M.
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Roderick, Paul J.
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22 February 2023
Ziauddeen, Nida
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Jeffrey, Robin F.
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Waiblinger, Dagmar
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Fraser, Simon D.S.
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Alwan, Nisreen A.
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Yuen, Ho M.
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Azad, Rafaq
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Mason, Dan
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Wright, John
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Coward, Richard J.M.
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Roderick, Paul J.
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Ziauddeen, Nida, Jeffrey, Robin F., Waiblinger, Dagmar, Fraser, Simon D.S., Alwan, Nisreen A., Yuen, Ho M., Azad, Rafaq, Mason, Dan, Wright, John, Coward, Richard J.M. and Roderick, Paul J.
(2023)
Role of foetal kidney size on kidney function in childhood: the born in bradford cohort renal study.
BMC Nephrology, 24 (1), [41].
(doi:10.1186/s12882-023-03077-6).
Abstract
Background: Foetal and early childhood development contributes to the risk of adult non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate whether kidney size at birth is associated with markers of kidney function at 7–11 years. Methods: Foetal kidney dimensions were measured using ultrasound scans at 34 weeks gestation and used to derive kidney volume (cm 3) in 1802 participants in the Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort. Blood and urine samples were taken from those who participated in the BiB follow-up at 7–11 years (n = 630) and analysed for serum creatinine, cystatin C, urea, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) and retinol binding protein (RBP). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using Schwartz creatinine only and combined with cystatin C, and cystatin C only Zappitelli and Filler equations. Linear regression was used to examine the association between foetal kidney volume and eGFR, ACR, PCR and blood pressure, unadjusted and adjusted for confounders. Results: Kidney volume was positively associated in adjusted models with eGFR calculated using Schwartz combined (0.64 ml/min diff per unit increase in volume, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.02), Zappitelli (0.79, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.20) and Filler (2.84, 95% CI 1.40 to 4.28). There was an association with the presence of albuminuria but not with its level, or with other urinary markers or with blood pressure. Conclusion: Foetal kidney volume was associated with small increases in eGFR in mid-childhood. Longitudinal follow-up to investigate the relationship between kidney volume and markers of kidney function as children go through puberty is required.
Text
s12882-023-03077-6
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Accepted/In Press date: 1 February 2023
Published date: 22 February 2023
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
Born in Bradford (BiB) receives core infrastructure funding from the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA), and a joint grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and UK Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC) (MR/N024397/1) and one from the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (CS/16/4/32482). The National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber ARC, and Clinical Research Network both provide support for BiB research. The renal sub-study was funded by Kidney Research UK (RP_007_20170301). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Keywords:
foetal development, kidney volume
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Local EPrints ID: 476175
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476175
ISSN: 1471-2369
PURE UUID: f559d333-d08a-4f65-bc78-fc0637b671bd
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Date deposited: 13 Apr 2023 16:42
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:59
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Contributors
Author:
Nida Ziauddeen
Author:
Robin F. Jeffrey
Author:
Dagmar Waiblinger
Author:
Rafaq Azad
Author:
Dan Mason
Author:
John Wright
Author:
Richard J.M. Coward
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