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The role of thyroid dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The role of thyroid dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The role of thyroid dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Imbalances in thyroid hormones have been linked with Alzheimer’s dementia. Several studies have reported an association between thyroid disorders, such as hyper- or hypothyroidism, with Alzheimer’s disease. However, there remains no consensus about the precise role of thyroid dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study we systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for clinical studies which reported the prevalence of hyper- or hypothyroidism in people with Alzheimer’s disease compared to controls. Meta-analysis was performed to compare thyroid disorder prevalence in Alzheimer’s disease and controls. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the clinical and subclinical thyroid dysfunction, separately. Seven studies, including 1189 people with Alzheimer’s disease and 72711 controls, were included in our sample. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in Alzheimer’s disease compared with controls (6.4% vs 2.4%, p=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that clinical hypothyroidism was not significantly different between Alzheimer’s disease compared to controls (10.0% vs 5.3%, p=0.35). There was no difference in the crude overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism in Alzheimer’s disease versus controls (2.4 vs 1.9%, p=0.73). Our analyses revealed a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in Alzheimer’s disease. Whether this finding is explained by hypothyroidism being a risk factor for, or consequence of, Alzheimer’s disease requires longitudinal analysis. Our review supports further work into a potential role for treatment of hypothyroidism in the prevention or delay of Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s disease, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, meta-analysis, thyroid
2274-5807
276-286
Salehipour, A.
65c750de-59b0-42df-a3f3-7a7a8a7aae98
Dolatshahi, M.
794dd41b-72b6-4c41-85f1-87c50ecc1a6a
Haghshomar, M.
5f4cf3d6-4fec-4c39-a1e7-391ada47b2f8
Amin, Jay
b91805fc-c9fe-4504-94c6-49189e512458
Salehipour, A.
65c750de-59b0-42df-a3f3-7a7a8a7aae98
Dolatshahi, M.
794dd41b-72b6-4c41-85f1-87c50ecc1a6a
Haghshomar, M.
5f4cf3d6-4fec-4c39-a1e7-391ada47b2f8
Amin, Jay
b91805fc-c9fe-4504-94c6-49189e512458

Salehipour, A., Dolatshahi, M., Haghshomar, M. and Amin, Jay (2023) The role of thyroid dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 10 (2), 276-286. (doi:10.14283/jpad.2023.20).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Imbalances in thyroid hormones have been linked with Alzheimer’s dementia. Several studies have reported an association between thyroid disorders, such as hyper- or hypothyroidism, with Alzheimer’s disease. However, there remains no consensus about the precise role of thyroid dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study we systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for clinical studies which reported the prevalence of hyper- or hypothyroidism in people with Alzheimer’s disease compared to controls. Meta-analysis was performed to compare thyroid disorder prevalence in Alzheimer’s disease and controls. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess the clinical and subclinical thyroid dysfunction, separately. Seven studies, including 1189 people with Alzheimer’s disease and 72711 controls, were included in our sample. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in Alzheimer’s disease compared with controls (6.4% vs 2.4%, p=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that clinical hypothyroidism was not significantly different between Alzheimer’s disease compared to controls (10.0% vs 5.3%, p=0.35). There was no difference in the crude overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism in Alzheimer’s disease versus controls (2.4 vs 1.9%, p=0.73). Our analyses revealed a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in Alzheimer’s disease. Whether this finding is explained by hypothyroidism being a risk factor for, or consequence of, Alzheimer’s disease requires longitudinal analysis. Our review supports further work into a potential role for treatment of hypothyroidism in the prevention or delay of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Accepted/In Press date: 23 November 2022
e-pub ahead of print date: 20 February 2023
Published date: 20 February 2023
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Authors.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, meta-analysis, thyroid

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 476592
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476592
ISSN: 2274-5807
PURE UUID: 2cd2c93f-a6ab-4019-a736-efeed026208b
ORCID for Jay Amin: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3792-0428

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Date deposited: 09 May 2023 16:51
Last modified: 29 Nov 2024 15:35

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Contributors

Author: A. Salehipour
Author: M. Dolatshahi
Author: M. Haghshomar
Author: Jay Amin ORCID iD

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