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The association between type 2 diabetes and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and population-based sibling study

The association between type 2 diabetes and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and population-based sibling study
The association between type 2 diabetes and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and population-based sibling study

We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize evidence on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, a register-based sibling study was conducted to simultaneously control for confounding factors. A systematic search identified four eligible observational studies (N = 5738,287). The meta-analysis showed that individuals with ADHD have a more than doubled risk of T2D when considering adjusted estimates (OR=2.29 [1.48-3.55], d=0.46). Results from the register-based Swedish data showed a significant association between ADHD and T2D (HR=2.35 [2.14-2.58]), with substance use disorder, depression, and anxiety being the main drivers of the association, and cardiovascular and familiar risk playing a smaller role. While results from the meta-analysis provide evidence for an increased risk of T2D in individuals with ADHD, the register-based analyses show that the association between ADHD and T2D is largely explained by psychiatric comorbidities. Pending further evidence of causal association, our findings suggest that early identification and treatment of ADHD comorbidities might greatly reduce the risk of developing T2D in individuals with ADHD.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cardiovascular risk factors, meta-analysis, type 2 diabetes
0149-7634
Garcia-Argibay, Miguel
b3dfd2f5-d33d-4e8e-8b44-540cbc5abb4c
Li, Lin
ee65a55e-7b94-43ac-94c2-43ccfaad2949
Du Rietz, Ebba
10cb0f63-64b1-49ef-b60c-8d483d93af17
Zhang, Le
1dc1ba6f-92bc-46cc-a73f-a16f21fb8e54
Yao, Honghui
02ccf08d-264c-4d9c-a8fb-3decb92539ec
Jendle, Johan
b9485f76-dd47-47fd-81fe-8733f306e671
Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A.
d88fffb7-683c-4f3f-bb34-84cbf209c062
Ribasés, Marta
a147883f-6298-466b-b366-d9b947a0a523
Chang, Zheng
86831bee-800b-469f-b67f-a5b7790cef80
Brikell, Isabell
8ce0666a-d578-4128-9385-20358b875b7c
Cortese, Samuele
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Larsson, Henrik
4132f7c6-5d52-43a1-be38-d343e67107cf
Garcia-Argibay, Miguel
b3dfd2f5-d33d-4e8e-8b44-540cbc5abb4c
Li, Lin
ee65a55e-7b94-43ac-94c2-43ccfaad2949
Du Rietz, Ebba
10cb0f63-64b1-49ef-b60c-8d483d93af17
Zhang, Le
1dc1ba6f-92bc-46cc-a73f-a16f21fb8e54
Yao, Honghui
02ccf08d-264c-4d9c-a8fb-3decb92539ec
Jendle, Johan
b9485f76-dd47-47fd-81fe-8733f306e671
Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A.
d88fffb7-683c-4f3f-bb34-84cbf209c062
Ribasés, Marta
a147883f-6298-466b-b366-d9b947a0a523
Chang, Zheng
86831bee-800b-469f-b67f-a5b7790cef80
Brikell, Isabell
8ce0666a-d578-4128-9385-20358b875b7c
Cortese, Samuele
53d4bf2c-4e0e-4c77-9385-218350560fdb
Larsson, Henrik
4132f7c6-5d52-43a1-be38-d343e67107cf

Garcia-Argibay, Miguel, Li, Lin, Du Rietz, Ebba, Zhang, Le, Yao, Honghui, Jendle, Johan, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A., Ribasés, Marta, Chang, Zheng, Brikell, Isabell, Cortese, Samuele and Larsson, Henrik (2023) The association between type 2 diabetes and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and population-based sibling study. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 147, [105076]. (doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105076).

Record type: Review

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize evidence on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, a register-based sibling study was conducted to simultaneously control for confounding factors. A systematic search identified four eligible observational studies (N = 5738,287). The meta-analysis showed that individuals with ADHD have a more than doubled risk of T2D when considering adjusted estimates (OR=2.29 [1.48-3.55], d=0.46). Results from the register-based Swedish data showed a significant association between ADHD and T2D (HR=2.35 [2.14-2.58]), with substance use disorder, depression, and anxiety being the main drivers of the association, and cardiovascular and familiar risk playing a smaller role. While results from the meta-analysis provide evidence for an increased risk of T2D in individuals with ADHD, the register-based analyses show that the association between ADHD and T2D is largely explained by psychiatric comorbidities. Pending further evidence of causal association, our findings suggest that early identification and treatment of ADHD comorbidities might greatly reduce the risk of developing T2D in individuals with ADHD.

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More information

e-pub ahead of print date: 6 February 2023
Published date: April 2023
Additional Information: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cardiovascular risk factors, meta-analysis, type 2 diabetes

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 476702
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476702
ISSN: 0149-7634
PURE UUID: baa165d0-6dc6-4c55-8aaa-255be8e8d1c9
ORCID for Samuele Cortese: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-8075

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 11 May 2023 16:56
Last modified: 12 May 2023 01:44

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Contributors

Author: Miguel Garcia-Argibay
Author: Lin Li
Author: Ebba Du Rietz
Author: Le Zhang
Author: Honghui Yao
Author: Johan Jendle
Author: Josep A. Ramos-Quiroga
Author: Marta Ribasés
Author: Zheng Chang
Author: Isabell Brikell
Author: Samuele Cortese ORCID iD
Author: Henrik Larsson

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