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The miniJPAS survey: AGN and host galaxy coevolution of X-ray-selected sources

The miniJPAS survey: AGN and host galaxy coevolution of X-ray-selected sources
The miniJPAS survey: AGN and host galaxy coevolution of X-ray-selected sources

Studies indicate strong evidence of a scaling relation in the local Universe between the supermassive black hole mass (MBH) and the stellar mass of their host galaxies (M). They even show similar histories across cosmic times of their differential terms: the star formation rate (SFR) and black hole accretion rate (BHAR). However, a clear picture of this coevolution is far from being understood. We selected an X-ray sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) up to z = 2.5 in the miniJPAS footprint. Their X-ray to infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) have been modeled with the CIGALE code, constraining the emission to 68 bands, from which 54 are the narrow filters from the miniJPAS survey. For a final sample of 308 galaxies, we derived their physical properties, such as their M, SFR, star formation history (SFH), and the luminosity produced by the accretion process of the central BH (LAGN). For a subsample of 113 sources, we also fit their optical spectra to obtain the gas velocity dispersion from the broad emission lines and estimated the MBH. We calculated the BHAR in physical units depending on two radiative efficiency regimes. We find that the Eddington ratios (λEdd) and its popular proxy (LX/M) have a difference of 0.6 dex, on average, and a KS test indicates that they come from different distributions. Our sources exhibit a considerable scatter on the MBH- M scaling relation, which can explain the difference between λEdd and its proxy. We also modeled three evolution scenarios for each source to recover the integral properties at z = 0. Using the SFR and BHAR, we show a notable diminution in the scattering between MBH- M. For the last scenario, we considered the SFH and a simple energy budget for the AGN accretion, and we retrieved a relation similar to the calibrations known for the local Universe. Our study covers -1 deg2 in the sky and is sensitive to biases in luminosity. Nevertheless, we show that, for bright sources, the link between the differential values (SFR and BHAR) and their decoupling based on an energy limit is the key that leads to the local MBH - M scaling relation. In the future, we plan to extend this methodology to a thousand degrees of the sky using JPAS with an X-ray selection from eROSITA, to obtain an unbiased distribution of BHAR and Eddington ratios.

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE, Galaxies: nuclei, Galaxies: evolution, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: photometry, Quasars: supermassive black holes
0004-6361
López, I. E.
427228e8-a04a-4b06-aee0-ff1ef6f5de7a
Brusa, M.
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Bonoli, S.
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Shankar, F.
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Acharya, N.
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Laloux, B.
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Dolag, K.
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Georgakakis, A.
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Lapi, A.
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Almeida, C. Ramos
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Salvato, M.
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Chaves-Montero, J.
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Coelho, P.
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Díaz-García, L. A.
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Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A.
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Hernán-Caballero, A.
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Delgado, R. M. González
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Marquez, I.
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Pović, M.
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Soria, R.
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Queiroz, C.
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Rahna, P. T.
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Abramo, R.
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Alcaniz, J.
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Benitez, N.
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Carneiro, S.
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Cenarro, J.
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Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.
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Dupke, R.
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Ederoclite, A.
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López-Sanjuan, C.
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Marín-Franch, A.
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Oliveira, C. Mendes de
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Moles, M.
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Jr, L. Sodré
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Taylor, K.
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Varela, J.
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Ramió, H. V.
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et al.
López, I. E.
427228e8-a04a-4b06-aee0-ff1ef6f5de7a
Brusa, M.
3845fc92-b140-49d5-98e7-fae8b9458e4a
Bonoli, S.
3b8caa29-7d4b-47a9-8dba-ec67ffcae47a
Shankar, F.
b10c91e4-85cd-4394-a18a-d4f049fd9cdb
Acharya, N.
771d4ebc-caae-4c3f-a0ac-c6852f88cff4
Laloux, B.
a8be06b5-4182-4045-b14c-193c33134a9a
Dolag, K.
d2a1346f-d354-4ab4-b4cb-b428acbc81e3
Georgakakis, A.
af2a2453-2c1c-427b-a26f-07e40bf1d795
Lapi, A.
c0611634-f6a8-426e-85ef-2d68fc613bc0
Almeida, C. Ramos
407b9f57-0072-415e-826d-7f711fc5fe65
Salvato, M.
4212c299-c989-4b31-9c2f-c0238f082675
Chaves-Montero, J.
280386ea-3cf7-4ae3-b1b6-5880aa5361c7
Coelho, P.
d42fd813-7c89-4c0e-9d27-09a8053a2206
Díaz-García, L. A.
0f709091-d8e7-4d1c-b936-f7e1eef35cc2
Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A.
320f50b4-d5c4-42f1-9c54-7c54fac28459
Hernán-Caballero, A.
5237c1fb-c6c6-4ec2-9074-364f6c2239a4
Delgado, R. M. González
5c18578f-3147-4f90-a2fc-c87ea925bfaa
Marquez, I.
84503cda-28c4-457c-853f-0920562c4940
Pović, M.
3afd1fff-eab7-4b08-9236-b7a89a025b48
Soria, R.
578c744c-5826-4464-8e8d-8b4a311a7c45
Queiroz, C.
9ed02805-8aad-42e0-b3ec-17d7e9a28b4a
Rahna, P. T.
6fd114df-11dd-4fdc-87dc-c796e9da0e70
Abramo, R.
0010e96b-4172-444c-bb71-96c1ba92f8bd
Alcaniz, J.
12545059-9f4d-4da4-b9ad-558e09399334
Benitez, N.
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Carneiro, S.
31101a9e-8eef-4d7c-ace1-64ef63ecdd3c
Cenarro, J.
dd933b58-6b53-4b15-b960-c9e6539ec2a8
Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.
028e392d-d3de-4362-a3e6-2eb99ad21952
Dupke, R.
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Ederoclite, A.
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López-Sanjuan, C.
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Marín-Franch, A.
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Oliveira, C. Mendes de
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Moles, M.
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Jr, L. Sodré
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Taylor, K.
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Varela, J.
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Ramió, H. V.
2ec2e00b-4b18-49ed-ba6b-6ac66a7ad6c8

López, I. E., Brusa, M., Bonoli, S. and Shankar, F. , et al. (2023) The miniJPAS survey: AGN and host galaxy coevolution of X-ray-selected sources. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 672 (4), [A137]. (doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245168).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Studies indicate strong evidence of a scaling relation in the local Universe between the supermassive black hole mass (MBH) and the stellar mass of their host galaxies (M). They even show similar histories across cosmic times of their differential terms: the star formation rate (SFR) and black hole accretion rate (BHAR). However, a clear picture of this coevolution is far from being understood. We selected an X-ray sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) up to z = 2.5 in the miniJPAS footprint. Their X-ray to infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) have been modeled with the CIGALE code, constraining the emission to 68 bands, from which 54 are the narrow filters from the miniJPAS survey. For a final sample of 308 galaxies, we derived their physical properties, such as their M, SFR, star formation history (SFH), and the luminosity produced by the accretion process of the central BH (LAGN). For a subsample of 113 sources, we also fit their optical spectra to obtain the gas velocity dispersion from the broad emission lines and estimated the MBH. We calculated the BHAR in physical units depending on two radiative efficiency regimes. We find that the Eddington ratios (λEdd) and its popular proxy (LX/M) have a difference of 0.6 dex, on average, and a KS test indicates that they come from different distributions. Our sources exhibit a considerable scatter on the MBH- M scaling relation, which can explain the difference between λEdd and its proxy. We also modeled three evolution scenarios for each source to recover the integral properties at z = 0. Using the SFR and BHAR, we show a notable diminution in the scattering between MBH- M. For the last scenario, we considered the SFH and a simple energy budget for the AGN accretion, and we retrieved a relation similar to the calibrations known for the local Universe. Our study covers -1 deg2 in the sky and is sensitive to biases in luminosity. Nevertheless, we show that, for bright sources, the link between the differential values (SFR and BHAR) and their decoupling based on an energy limit is the key that leads to the local MBH - M scaling relation. In the future, we plan to extend this methodology to a thousand degrees of the sky using JPAS with an X-ray selection from eROSITA, to obtain an unbiased distribution of BHAR and Eddington ratios.

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2302.01358v1
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Accepted/In Press date: 2 February 2023
Published date: 12 April 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: K.D. acknowledges support by the COMPLEX project from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement ERC-2019-AdG 882679. C.R.A. acknowledges the projects Feeding and feedback in active galaxies, with reference PID2019-106027GB-C42, funded by MICINN-AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Funding Information: We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments and suggestions that improved the quality of the paper. This action has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 860744 “Big Data Applications for Black Hole Evolution Sutdies” (BID4BEST, https://www.bid4best.org/ ). This paper has gone through internal review by the J-PAS collaboration. The color schemes used in this work are color-blind friendly from Paul Tol’s Notes ( https://personal.sron.nl/~pault/ ). We also acknowledge the use of computational resources from the parallel computing cluster of the Open Physics Hub ( https://site.unibo.it/openphysicshub/en ) at the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of Bologna. We also kindly thank Dr. Alison Coil and Dr. Christopher Willmer for sharing the MMT spectra. I.E.L. thanks E. Marchesini for feedback on this work. A.L. is partly supported by the PRIN MIUR 2017 prot. 20173ML3WW 002 “Opening the ALMA window on the cosmic evolution of gas, stars, and massive black holes”. K.D. acknowledges support by the COMPLEX project from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement ERC-2019-AdG 882679. C.R.A. acknowledges the projects “Feeding and feedback in active galaxies”, with reference PID2019-106027GB-C42, funded by MICINN-AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “Quantifying the impact of quasar feedback on galaxy evolution”, with reference EUR2020-112266, funded by MICINN-AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR, and from the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant “Quasar feedback and molecular gas reservoirs”, with reference ProID2020010105, ACCISI/FEDER, UE. J.C.M. acknowledges partial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) through the grant PGC2018-097585-B-C22. J.C.M. also acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (COSMO-LYA, grant agreement 101044612). P.C. acknowledges support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) under grant 310555/2021-3 and from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) process number 2021/08813-7. L.A.D.G. and R.M.G.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), and to the PID2019-109067-GB100. I.M. acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). I.M. is also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant no. PID2019-106027GB-C41. R.S. acknowledges grant number 12073029 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). R.A.D. acknowledges support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico -CNPq through BP grant 308105/2018-4, and the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos – FINEP grants REF. 1217/13 – 01.13.0279.00 and REF 0859/10 – 01.10.0663.00 and also FAPERJ PRONEX grant E-26/110.566/2010 for hardware funding support for the J-PAS project through the National Observatory of Brazil and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas. L.S.J. acknowledges the support from CNPq (308994/2021-3) and FAPESP (2011/51680-6). Based on observations made with the JST/T250 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre (OAJ), in Teruel, owned, managed, and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA). We acknowledge the OAJ Data Processing and Archiving Unit (UPAD) for reducing and calibrating the OAJ data used in this work. Funding for the J-PAS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversión de Teruel, European FEDER funding and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and by the Brazilian agencies FINEP, FAPESP, FAPERJ and by the National Observatory of Brazil. Additional funding was also provided by the Tartu Observatory and by the J-PAS Chinese Astronomical Consortium. Funding for OAJ, UPAD, and CEFCA has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Aragón Government through the Research Groups E96, E103, and E16_17R; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grant PGC2018-097585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER, UE) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS-2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, and the Max Planck Society. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/ . The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are The University of Chicago, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, The Johns Hopkins University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, University of Pittsburgh, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. Observations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory a joint facility operated by the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution. Funding for the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey has been provided by NSF grants AST-95-09298, AST-0071048, AST-0507428, and AST-0507483 as well as NASA LTSA grant NNG04GC89G. Publisher Copyright: © The Authors 2023.
Keywords: astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE, Galaxies: nuclei, Galaxies: evolution, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: photometry, Quasars: supermassive black holes

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 476769
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476769
ISSN: 0004-6361
PURE UUID: e07b361a-536a-47da-a95e-213f2ceda943

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Date deposited: 15 May 2023 16:46
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 02:17

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Contributors

Author: I. E. López
Author: M. Brusa
Author: S. Bonoli
Author: F. Shankar
Author: N. Acharya
Author: B. Laloux
Author: K. Dolag
Author: A. Georgakakis
Author: A. Lapi
Author: C. Ramos Almeida
Author: M. Salvato
Author: J. Chaves-Montero
Author: P. Coelho
Author: L. A. Díaz-García
Author: J. A. Fernández-Ontiveros
Author: A. Hernán-Caballero
Author: R. M. González Delgado
Author: I. Marquez
Author: M. Pović
Author: R. Soria
Author: C. Queiroz
Author: P. T. Rahna
Author: R. Abramo
Author: J. Alcaniz
Author: N. Benitez
Author: S. Carneiro
Author: J. Cenarro
Author: D. Cristóbal-Hornillos
Author: R. Dupke
Author: A. Ederoclite
Author: C. López-Sanjuan
Author: A. Marín-Franch
Author: C. Mendes de Oliveira
Author: M. Moles
Author: L. Sodré Jr
Author: K. Taylor
Author: J. Varela
Author: H. V. Ramió
Corporate Author: et al.

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