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Risk of new-onset Long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: community-based cohort study

Risk of new-onset Long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: community-based cohort study
Risk of new-onset Long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: community-based cohort study
Background Little is known about the risk of Long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. We estimated the likelihood of new-onset, self-reported Long Covid after a second SARS-CoV-2 infection, and compared to a first infection.

Methods We included UK COVID-19 Infection Survey participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between 1 November 2021 and 8 October 2022. The primary outcome was self-reported Long Covid 12 to 20 weeks after each infection. Separate analyses were performed for those <16 years and ≥16 years. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for new-onset Long Covid using logistic regression, comparing second to first infections, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and calendar date of infection, plus vaccination status in those ≥16 years.

Results Overall, Long Covid was reported by those ≥16 years after 4.0% and 2.4% of first and second infections, respectively; the corresponding estimates among those <16 years were 1.0% and 0.6%. The aOR for Long Covid after second compared to first infections was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.81) for those ≥16 years and 0.93 (0.57–1.53) for those <16 years.

Conclusions The risk of new-onset Long Covid after a second SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than that after a first infection for those ≥16 years, though there is no evidence of a difference in risk for those <16 years. However, there remains some risk of new-onset Long Covid after a second infection, with around 1 in 40 of those ≥16 years and 1 in 165 of those <16 years reporting Long Covid after a second infection.
Bosworth, Matthew L.
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Shenhuy, Boran
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Walker, A. Sarah
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Nafilyan, Vahe
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Alwan, Nisreen
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O'Hara, Margaret E.
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Ayoubkhani, Daniel
cfd1b0e2-6685-4edb-a53f-299582b89280
Bosworth, Matthew L.
05d73c95-7103-4d63-9764-c2dba76f0c22
Shenhuy, Boran
9bdd13c1-3499-4dca-a28b-466d56a4de70
Walker, A. Sarah
90111bb5-e6b1-4c4a-bcf5-acbfd4a68e48
Nafilyan, Vahe
542d70f5-e4b4-4b4c-b9f6-5b039999f8e9
Alwan, Nisreen
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O'Hara, Margaret E.
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Ayoubkhani, Daniel
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Bosworth, Matthew L., Shenhuy, Boran, Walker, A. Sarah, Nafilyan, Vahe, Alwan, Nisreen, O'Hara, Margaret E. and Ayoubkhani, Daniel (2023) Risk of new-onset Long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: community-based cohort study. medRxiv. (In Press)

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background Little is known about the risk of Long Covid following reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. We estimated the likelihood of new-onset, self-reported Long Covid after a second SARS-CoV-2 infection, and compared to a first infection.

Methods We included UK COVID-19 Infection Survey participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between 1 November 2021 and 8 October 2022. The primary outcome was self-reported Long Covid 12 to 20 weeks after each infection. Separate analyses were performed for those <16 years and ≥16 years. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for new-onset Long Covid using logistic regression, comparing second to first infections, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and calendar date of infection, plus vaccination status in those ≥16 years.

Results Overall, Long Covid was reported by those ≥16 years after 4.0% and 2.4% of first and second infections, respectively; the corresponding estimates among those <16 years were 1.0% and 0.6%. The aOR for Long Covid after second compared to first infections was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.81) for those ≥16 years and 0.93 (0.57–1.53) for those <16 years.

Conclusions The risk of new-onset Long Covid after a second SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than that after a first infection for those ≥16 years, though there is no evidence of a difference in risk for those <16 years. However, there remains some risk of new-onset Long Covid after a second infection, with around 1 in 40 of those ≥16 years and 1 in 165 of those <16 years reporting Long Covid after a second infection.

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2023.04.13.23288522v1.full - Author's Original
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Accepted/In Press date: 17 April 2023

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 476849
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476849
PURE UUID: 17486787-264c-4000-9f76-313582660890
ORCID for Nisreen Alwan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-8463

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Date deposited: 17 May 2023 17:03
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:38

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Contributors

Author: Matthew L. Bosworth
Author: Boran Shenhuy
Author: A. Sarah Walker
Author: Vahe Nafilyan
Author: Nisreen Alwan ORCID iD
Author: Margaret E. O'Hara
Author: Daniel Ayoubkhani

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