The University of Southampton
University of Southampton Institutional Repository

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using UVC laser radiation

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using UVC laser radiation
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using UVC laser radiation
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has had a tremendous impact on humanity. Prevention of transmission by disinfection of surfaces and aerosols through a chemical-free method is highly desirable. Ultraviolet C (UVC) light is uniquely positioned to achieve inactivation of pathogens. We report the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus by UVC radiation and explore its mechanisms. A dose of 50 mJ/cm2 using a UVC laser at 266 nm achieved an inactivation efficiency of 99.89%, while infectious virions were undetectable at 75 mJ/cm2 indicating >99.99% inactivation. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 involves viral entry mediated by the spike glycoprotein (S), and viral reproduction, reliant on translation of its genome. We demonstrate that UVC radiation damages ribonucleic acid (RNA) and provide in-depth characterization of UVC-induced damage of the S protein. We find that UVC severely impacts SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein’s ability to bind human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and this correlates with loss of native protein conformation and aromatic amino acid integrity. This report has important implications for the design and development of rapid and effective disinfection systems against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and other pathogens.
Raman spectroscopy, covid-19, disinfection, protein conformation, ribonucleic acid, COVID-19
2330-4022
42-52
Devitt, George
088c46c0-9dcf-4c83-acfd-16c6c9d0ca88
Johnson, Peter B.
01e8bf5b-9ab6-4403-8281-93879dfdf084
Hanrahan, Niall
df8a0edc-a5bd-4979-aa6f-0ea1bff159c3
Lane, Simon I.R.
8e80111f-5012-4950-a228-dfb8fb9df52d
Vidale, Magdalena C.
70652533-ecea-4058-a730-9ef5d327b4b6
Sheth, Bhavwanti
c79e4e33-b1ea-4ca7-a0f5-def1c7adf44c
Allen, Joel D.
c89d5569-7659-4835-b535-c9586e956b3a
Humbert, Maria V.
82134d25-24b8-4fdd-bd1c-461683b5322e
Spalluto, Cosma M.
6802ad50-bc38-404f-9a19-40916425183b
Herve, Rodolphe C.
9baddc65-93cf-4a18-9388-088d60572b06
Staples, Karl
e0e9d80f-0aed-435f-bd75-0c8818491fee
West, Jonathan J.
f1c2e060-16c3-44c0-af70-242a1c58b968
Forster, Robert
f1f35956-ee23-4493-8cba-9b3c468b54ad
Divecha, Nullin
5c2ad0f8-4ce7-405f-8a15-2fc4ab96d787
McCormick, Chris
0fce14bf-2f67-4d08-991f-114dd1e7f0bd
Crispin, Max
cd980957-0943-4b89-b2b2-710f01f33bc9
Hempler, Nils
96d7cfd8-f974-48a3-9a27-da8349f49081
Malcolm, Graeme P.A.
8a6b5667-985b-4716-b597-60794f379aeb
Mahajan, Sumeet
b131f40a-479e-4432-b662-19d60d4069e9
Devitt, George
088c46c0-9dcf-4c83-acfd-16c6c9d0ca88
Johnson, Peter B.
01e8bf5b-9ab6-4403-8281-93879dfdf084
Hanrahan, Niall
df8a0edc-a5bd-4979-aa6f-0ea1bff159c3
Lane, Simon I.R.
8e80111f-5012-4950-a228-dfb8fb9df52d
Vidale, Magdalena C.
70652533-ecea-4058-a730-9ef5d327b4b6
Sheth, Bhavwanti
c79e4e33-b1ea-4ca7-a0f5-def1c7adf44c
Allen, Joel D.
c89d5569-7659-4835-b535-c9586e956b3a
Humbert, Maria V.
82134d25-24b8-4fdd-bd1c-461683b5322e
Spalluto, Cosma M.
6802ad50-bc38-404f-9a19-40916425183b
Herve, Rodolphe C.
9baddc65-93cf-4a18-9388-088d60572b06
Staples, Karl
e0e9d80f-0aed-435f-bd75-0c8818491fee
West, Jonathan J.
f1c2e060-16c3-44c0-af70-242a1c58b968
Forster, Robert
f1f35956-ee23-4493-8cba-9b3c468b54ad
Divecha, Nullin
5c2ad0f8-4ce7-405f-8a15-2fc4ab96d787
McCormick, Chris
0fce14bf-2f67-4d08-991f-114dd1e7f0bd
Crispin, Max
cd980957-0943-4b89-b2b2-710f01f33bc9
Hempler, Nils
96d7cfd8-f974-48a3-9a27-da8349f49081
Malcolm, Graeme P.A.
8a6b5667-985b-4716-b597-60794f379aeb
Mahajan, Sumeet
b131f40a-479e-4432-b662-19d60d4069e9

Devitt, George, Johnson, Peter B., Hanrahan, Niall, Lane, Simon I.R., Vidale, Magdalena C., Sheth, Bhavwanti, Allen, Joel D., Humbert, Maria V., Spalluto, Cosma M., Herve, Rodolphe C., Staples, Karl, West, Jonathan J., Forster, Robert, Divecha, Nullin, McCormick, Chris, Crispin, Max, Hempler, Nils, Malcolm, Graeme P.A. and Mahajan, Sumeet (2024) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using UVC laser radiation. ACS Photonics, 11 (1), 42-52. (doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.526944).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has had a tremendous impact on humanity. Prevention of transmission by disinfection of surfaces and aerosols through a chemical-free method is highly desirable. Ultraviolet C (UVC) light is uniquely positioned to achieve inactivation of pathogens. We report the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus by UVC radiation and explore its mechanisms. A dose of 50 mJ/cm2 using a UVC laser at 266 nm achieved an inactivation efficiency of 99.89%, while infectious virions were undetectable at 75 mJ/cm2 indicating >99.99% inactivation. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 involves viral entry mediated by the spike glycoprotein (S), and viral reproduction, reliant on translation of its genome. We demonstrate that UVC radiation damages ribonucleic acid (RNA) and provide in-depth characterization of UVC-induced damage of the S protein. We find that UVC severely impacts SARS-CoV- 2 spike protein’s ability to bind human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and this correlates with loss of native protein conformation and aromatic amino acid integrity. This report has important implications for the design and development of rapid and effective disinfection systems against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and other pathogens.

Text
2023.02.03.526944v1.full - Author's Original
Download (2MB)
Text
ACS Photonics 2023 FINAL_SM - Accepted Manuscript
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
Download (23kB)
Text
devitt-et-al-2023-mechanisms-of-sars-cov-2-inactivation-using-uvc-laser-radiation - Version of Record
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
Download (7MB)

More information

Accepted/In Press date: 3 November 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 25 December 2023
Published date: 17 January 2024
Additional Information: Funding Information: This work was funded by the Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton and Academic Health Science Forum (AHSC). N.D., B.S., and M.C.V. acknowledge funding by BBSRC (BB/N016823/1 and BB/P003508/1). J.A. and M.C. are funded by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) through Grant INV-008352/OPP1153692 funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the University of Southampton Coronavirus Response Fund (M.C.). S.M. and G.D. acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) grant NanoChemBioVision (638258) and EPSRC grant (EP/T020997/1). N.Ha. acknowledges funding by EPSRC Case Conversion studentship (EP/N509747/1) cofunded by M Squared, P.B.J. is cofunded by EPSRC Doctoral Training grant (EP/N509747/1) and ERC grant NanoChemBioVision (638258). S.L. is funded by Wessex Medical Research (Z08) and EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account, University of Southampton. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, covid-19, disinfection, protein conformation, ribonucleic acid, COVID-19

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 476929
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/476929
ISSN: 2330-4022
PURE UUID: 9feb5cfd-9adf-4dbf-9fd0-4d19c250007a
ORCID for George Devitt: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-4459
ORCID for Niall Hanrahan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-7049
ORCID for Simon I.R. Lane: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-0981
ORCID for Joel D. Allen: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-968X
ORCID for Maria V. Humbert: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-6981
ORCID for Cosma M. Spalluto: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-0844
ORCID for Rodolphe C. Herve: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-6515
ORCID for Karl Staples: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3844-6457
ORCID for Jonathan J. West: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-6790
ORCID for Chris McCormick: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-9161
ORCID for Max Crispin: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-2694
ORCID for Sumeet Mahajan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-6666

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 19 May 2023 16:45
Last modified: 01 Aug 2024 02:03

Export record

Altmetrics

Contributors

Author: George Devitt ORCID iD
Author: Peter B. Johnson
Author: Niall Hanrahan ORCID iD
Author: Simon I.R. Lane ORCID iD
Author: Magdalena C. Vidale
Author: Bhavwanti Sheth
Author: Joel D. Allen ORCID iD
Author: Maria V. Humbert ORCID iD
Author: Cosma M. Spalluto ORCID iD
Author: Karl Staples ORCID iD
Author: Robert Forster
Author: Nullin Divecha
Author: Chris McCormick ORCID iD
Author: Max Crispin ORCID iD
Author: Nils Hempler
Author: Graeme P.A. Malcolm
Author: Sumeet Mahajan ORCID iD

Download statistics

Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.

View more statistics

Atom RSS 1.0 RSS 2.0

Contact ePrints Soton: eprints@soton.ac.uk

ePrints Soton supports OAI 2.0 with a base URL of http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/cgi/oai2

This repository has been built using EPrints software, developed at the University of Southampton, but available to everyone to use.

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we will assume that you are happy to receive cookies on the University of Southampton website.

×