Applying appropriate frequency criteria to advance acoustic behavioural guidance systems for fish
Applying appropriate frequency criteria to advance acoustic behavioural guidance systems for fish
Deterrents that use acoustics to guide fish away from dangerous areas depend on the elicitation of avoidance in the target species. Acoustic deterrents select the optimum frequency based on an assumption that highest avoidance is likely to occur at the greatest sensitivity. However, such an assumption may be unfounded. Using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a suitable experimental model, this study tested this as a null hypothesis. Under laboratory conditions, the deterrence thresholds of individual goldfish exposed to 120 ms tones at six frequencies (250–2000 Hz) and four Sound Pressure Levels (SPL 115–145 dB) were quantified. The deterrence threshold defined as the SPL at which 25% of the tested population startled was calculated and compared to the hearing threshold obtained using Auditory Evoked Potential and particle acceleration threshold data. The optimum frequency to elicit a startle response was 250 Hz; different from the published hearing and particle acceleration sensitivities based on audiograms. The difference between the deterrence threshold and published hearing threshold data varied from 47.1 dB at 250 Hz to 76 dB at 600 Hz. This study demonstrates that information obtained from audiograms may poorly predict the most suitable frequencies at which avoidance behaviours are elicited in fish.
Holgate, Amelia
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White, Paul
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Leighton, Timothy
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Kemp, Paul
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18 May 2023
Holgate, Amelia
cb827aab-f36f-473c-b421-f640645d8531
White, Paul
2dd2477b-5aa9-42e2-9d19-0806d994eaba
Leighton, Timothy
3e5262ce-1d7d-42eb-b013-fcc5c286bbae
Kemp, Paul
9e33fba6-cccf-4eb5-965b-b70e72b11cd7
Holgate, Amelia, White, Paul, Leighton, Timothy and Kemp, Paul
(2023)
Applying appropriate frequency criteria to advance acoustic behavioural guidance systems for fish.
Scientific Reports, 13 (1), [8075].
(doi:10.1038/s41598-023-33423-5).
Abstract
Deterrents that use acoustics to guide fish away from dangerous areas depend on the elicitation of avoidance in the target species. Acoustic deterrents select the optimum frequency based on an assumption that highest avoidance is likely to occur at the greatest sensitivity. However, such an assumption may be unfounded. Using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a suitable experimental model, this study tested this as a null hypothesis. Under laboratory conditions, the deterrence thresholds of individual goldfish exposed to 120 ms tones at six frequencies (250–2000 Hz) and four Sound Pressure Levels (SPL 115–145 dB) were quantified. The deterrence threshold defined as the SPL at which 25% of the tested population startled was calculated and compared to the hearing threshold obtained using Auditory Evoked Potential and particle acceleration threshold data. The optimum frequency to elicit a startle response was 250 Hz; different from the published hearing and particle acceleration sensitivities based on audiograms. The difference between the deterrence threshold and published hearing threshold data varied from 47.1 dB at 250 Hz to 76 dB at 600 Hz. This study demonstrates that information obtained from audiograms may poorly predict the most suitable frequencies at which avoidance behaviours are elicited in fish.
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s41598-023-33423-5
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Accepted/In Press date: 12 May 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 18 May 2023
Published date: 18 May 2023
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
The authors thank Hampshire Carp Hatcheries for supplying the goldfish, members of ICER and the University of Southampton who provided cover during lockdown (P. Ericsson, L. Dolman, W.Y. Chong, A.S. Khan, J. Miles, W. Crawford-Jones, A. Nasution) and for those who critiqued ideas (A. Vowles, M. Fletcher, S. Perry, and those previously mentioned) and assisted with fish husbandry. Additional thanks to EPSRC, University of Southampton and the Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT-SIS) for funding this study.
Funding Information:
The authors thank Hampshire Carp Hatcheries for supplying the goldfish, members of ICER and the University of Southampton who provided cover during lockdown (P. Ericsson, L. Dolman, W.Y. Chong, A.S. Khan, J. Miles, W. Crawford-Jones, A. Nasution) and for those who critiqued ideas (A. Vowles, M. Fletcher, S. Perry, and those previously mentioned) and assisted with fish husbandry. Additional thanks to EPSRC, University of Southampton and the Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT-SIS) for funding this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 477322
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/477322
ISSN: 2045-2322
PURE UUID: ea9dc8f5-9cbc-4b27-a077-d33bbd211d9b
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Date deposited: 02 Jun 2023 17:22
Last modified: 12 Jul 2024 02:02
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Author:
Amelia Holgate
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