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Facile spray-printing of hydrophobic and porous gas diffusion electrodes enabling prolonged electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene

Facile spray-printing of hydrophobic and porous gas diffusion electrodes enabling prolonged electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene
Facile spray-printing of hydrophobic and porous gas diffusion electrodes enabling prolonged electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene
The twelve-electron carbon dioxide reduction reaction (12e– CO2RR) constitutes a sustainable alternative to steam cracking for the production of ethylene (C2H4), the world’s most coveted organic compound. State-of-the-art gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), while exhibiting promising faradaic efficiencies for C2H4 electrosynthesis, suffer from poor long-term stability, particularly at elevated applied currents, due to catalyst delamination and flooding of the diffusion layer. Herein, through the development and optimisation of a novel, facile and flexible spray-printing method, hydrophobic porous carbon and copper electrodes with different architectures are obtained readily by using suspensions consisting of two fugitive solvents, which provide larger surface areas for the three-phase boundary and improve the hydrophobicity/flooding tolerance of the electrodes, due to their increased surface roughness and binder (PVDF) content. These structures, with pore sizes as low as 60 μm, transform the surfaces from incomplete wetting to highly hydrophobic, and can be employed as gas-diffusion, microporous or supportive layers, in addition to acting as a supporting substrate for the copper-based catalyst. These layers are spray-printed in a stacked assembly upon polymer film and carbon paper substrates, and ultimately result in an extended duration of enhanced C2H4 production at applied currents of up to 200 mA cm-2 via multiple configurations. Through layer-by-layer spray-printing with a hydrophobic microporous layer and porous catalyst support, this inventive approach can efficiently control the hydrophobicity of the GDE, and extends the cathode operation time by a factor of 6, with a maximum faradaic efficiency of 52% attained, and an average of > 30% maintained over 12 h of continuous electrolysis, demonstrating the versatility of this technique for engineering highly durable GDEs for selective CO2 reduction toward multi-carbon (C2+) commodities, energy storage devices and other electrochemical applications.
electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2RR), gas diffusion electrodes, hydrophobic porous electrodes, porous nanostructures, spray-printing
0378-7753
Yu, Feilin
348d101a-37d5-47fe-b622-485af26f58a5
Leung, Puiki
7d8514c7-ad5b-490d-8826-15062bf89fdb
Xu, Qian
c14c91f5-4c68-40d6-a2fc-4b30dfbd3389
Mavrikis, Sotirios
6b5b53fb-a664-4c2e-b17d-5c27850d6ea9
Nazarovs, Pāvels
85218d6a-4018-4786-aab0-ed028e1b2c2c
Shah, Akeel
0ecbdd7a-88dc-486e-bf2b-7daea81477a5
Wang, Ling
c50767b1-7474-4094-9b06-4fe64e9fe362
Ponce De Leon Albarran, Carlos
508a312e-75ff-4bcb-9151-dacc424d755c
Yu, Feilin
348d101a-37d5-47fe-b622-485af26f58a5
Leung, Puiki
7d8514c7-ad5b-490d-8826-15062bf89fdb
Xu, Qian
c14c91f5-4c68-40d6-a2fc-4b30dfbd3389
Mavrikis, Sotirios
6b5b53fb-a664-4c2e-b17d-5c27850d6ea9
Nazarovs, Pāvels
85218d6a-4018-4786-aab0-ed028e1b2c2c
Shah, Akeel
0ecbdd7a-88dc-486e-bf2b-7daea81477a5
Wang, Ling
c50767b1-7474-4094-9b06-4fe64e9fe362
Ponce De Leon Albarran, Carlos
508a312e-75ff-4bcb-9151-dacc424d755c

Yu, Feilin, Leung, Puiki, Xu, Qian, Mavrikis, Sotirios, Nazarovs, Pāvels, Shah, Akeel, Wang, Ling and Ponce De Leon Albarran, Carlos (2023) Facile spray-printing of hydrophobic and porous gas diffusion electrodes enabling prolonged electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene. Journal of Power Sources. (In Press)

Record type: Article

Abstract

The twelve-electron carbon dioxide reduction reaction (12e– CO2RR) constitutes a sustainable alternative to steam cracking for the production of ethylene (C2H4), the world’s most coveted organic compound. State-of-the-art gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), while exhibiting promising faradaic efficiencies for C2H4 electrosynthesis, suffer from poor long-term stability, particularly at elevated applied currents, due to catalyst delamination and flooding of the diffusion layer. Herein, through the development and optimisation of a novel, facile and flexible spray-printing method, hydrophobic porous carbon and copper electrodes with different architectures are obtained readily by using suspensions consisting of two fugitive solvents, which provide larger surface areas for the three-phase boundary and improve the hydrophobicity/flooding tolerance of the electrodes, due to their increased surface roughness and binder (PVDF) content. These structures, with pore sizes as low as 60 μm, transform the surfaces from incomplete wetting to highly hydrophobic, and can be employed as gas-diffusion, microporous or supportive layers, in addition to acting as a supporting substrate for the copper-based catalyst. These layers are spray-printed in a stacked assembly upon polymer film and carbon paper substrates, and ultimately result in an extended duration of enhanced C2H4 production at applied currents of up to 200 mA cm-2 via multiple configurations. Through layer-by-layer spray-printing with a hydrophobic microporous layer and porous catalyst support, this inventive approach can efficiently control the hydrophobicity of the GDE, and extends the cathode operation time by a factor of 6, with a maximum faradaic efficiency of 52% attained, and an average of > 30% maintained over 12 h of continuous electrolysis, demonstrating the versatility of this technique for engineering highly durable GDEs for selective CO2 reduction toward multi-carbon (C2+) commodities, energy storage devices and other electrochemical applications.

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Accepted/In Press date: 12 May 2023
Keywords: electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2RR), gas diffusion electrodes, hydrophobic porous electrodes, porous nanostructures, spray-printing

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 477638
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/477638
ISSN: 0378-7753
PURE UUID: 395d3d5e-885f-4329-a7cd-7a4490d6bf8c
ORCID for Ling Wang: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2894-6784
ORCID for Carlos Ponce De Leon Albarran: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-5913

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 12 Jun 2023 16:35
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:01

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Contributors

Author: Feilin Yu
Author: Puiki Leung
Author: Qian Xu
Author: Sotirios Mavrikis
Author: Pāvels Nazarovs
Author: Akeel Shah
Author: Ling Wang ORCID iD

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