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Short timescale evolution of the polarized radio jet during V404 Cygni's 2015 outburst

Short timescale evolution of the polarized radio jet during V404 Cygni's 2015 outburst
Short timescale evolution of the polarized radio jet during V404 Cygni's 2015 outburst

We present a high time resolution, multifrequency linear polarization analysis of very large array (VLA) radio observations during some of the brightest radio flaring (∼1 Jy) activity of the 2015 outburst of V404 Cygni. The VLA simultaneously captured the radio evolution in two bands (each with two 1 GHz base-bands), recorded at 5/7 GHz and 21/26 GHz, allowing for a broadband polarimetric analysis. Given the source’s high flux densities, we were able to measure polarization on time-scales of ∼13 min, constituting one of the highest temporal resolution radio polarimetric studies of a black hole X-ray binary outburst to date. Across all base-bands, we detect variable, weakly linearly polarized emission (<1per cent) with a single, bright peak in the time-resolved polarization fraction, consistent with an origin in an evolving, dynamic jet component. We applied two independent polarimetric methods to extract the intrinsic electric vector position angles and rotation measures from the 5 and 7 GHz base-band data and detected a variable intrinsic polarization angle, indicative of a rapidly evolving local environment or a complex magnetic field geometry. Comparisons to the simultaneous, spatially-resolved observations taken with the Very Long Baseline Array at 15.6 GHz, do not show a significant connection between the jet ejections and the polarization state.

astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.SR, ISM: jets and outflows, radio continuum: stars, black hole physics, X-rays: binaries, polarization, stars: individual: V404 Cygni, GS 2023 + 338
1365-2966
185-207
Hughes, Andrew K.
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Sivakoff, Gregory R.
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Macpherson, Christopher E.
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Miller-Jones, James C.A.
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Tetarenko, Alexandra J.
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Altamirano, Diego
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Anderson, Gemma E.
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Belloni, Tomaso M.
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Heinz, Sebastian
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Jonker, Peter G.
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Körding, Elmar G.
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Maitra, Dipankar
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Markoff, Sera B.
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Migliari, Simone
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Mooley, Kunal P.
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Rupen, Michael P.
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Russell, David M.
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Russell, Thomas D.
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Sarazin, Craig L.
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Soria, Roberto
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Tudose, Valeriu
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Hughes, Andrew K.
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Sivakoff, Gregory R.
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Macpherson, Christopher E.
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Miller-Jones, James C.A.
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Tetarenko, Alexandra J.
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Altamirano, Diego
d5ccdb09-0b71-4303-9538-05b467be075b
Anderson, Gemma E.
c8e0a8f1-20c1-404e-a55d-f7926e7fa7bc
Belloni, Tomaso M.
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Heinz, Sebastian
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Jonker, Peter G.
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Körding, Elmar G.
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Maitra, Dipankar
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Markoff, Sera B.
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Migliari, Simone
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Mooley, Kunal P.
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Rupen, Michael P.
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Russell, David M.
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Russell, Thomas D.
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Sarazin, Craig L.
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Soria, Roberto
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Tudose, Valeriu
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Hughes, Andrew K., Sivakoff, Gregory R., Macpherson, Christopher E., Miller-Jones, James C.A., Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Altamirano, Diego, Anderson, Gemma E., Belloni, Tomaso M., Heinz, Sebastian, Jonker, Peter G., Körding, Elmar G., Maitra, Dipankar, Markoff, Sera B., Migliari, Simone, Mooley, Kunal P., Rupen, Michael P., Russell, David M., Russell, Thomas D., Sarazin, Craig L., Soria, Roberto and Tudose, Valeriu (2023) Short timescale evolution of the polarized radio jet during V404 Cygni's 2015 outburst. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 521 (1), 185-207. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stad396).

Record type: Article

Abstract

We present a high time resolution, multifrequency linear polarization analysis of very large array (VLA) radio observations during some of the brightest radio flaring (∼1 Jy) activity of the 2015 outburst of V404 Cygni. The VLA simultaneously captured the radio evolution in two bands (each with two 1 GHz base-bands), recorded at 5/7 GHz and 21/26 GHz, allowing for a broadband polarimetric analysis. Given the source’s high flux densities, we were able to measure polarization on time-scales of ∼13 min, constituting one of the highest temporal resolution radio polarimetric studies of a black hole X-ray binary outburst to date. Across all base-bands, we detect variable, weakly linearly polarized emission (<1per cent) with a single, bright peak in the time-resolved polarization fraction, consistent with an origin in an evolving, dynamic jet component. We applied two independent polarimetric methods to extract the intrinsic electric vector position angles and rotation measures from the 5 and 7 GHz base-band data and detected a variable intrinsic polarization angle, indicative of a rapidly evolving local environment or a complex magnetic field geometry. Comparisons to the simultaneous, spatially-resolved observations taken with the Very Long Baseline Array at 15.6 GHz, do not show a significant connection between the jet ejections and the polarization state.

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Accepted/In Press date: 5 January 2023
Published date: 2 March 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: The authors extend their sincere thanks to all of the NRAO staff involved in the scheduling and execution of these observations. The authors offer a special thanks to Frank Schnitzel for sharing his expertise of polarization observation, and calibration, and data reduction with the VLA and CASA. The authors thank Cameron Van Eck for helpful discussions regarding Galactic magnetic field models and the Canadian Initiative for Radio Astronomy Data Analysis (CIRADA) RM synthesis routine. Finally, the authors thank the referee for their insightful and helpful comments. This research has made use of software provided by CIRADA. CIRADA is funded by a grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation 2017 Innovation Fund (Project 35999), as well as by the Provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec, in collaboration with the National Research Council of Canada, the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. AKH and GRS are supported by NSERC Discovery Grants RGPIN-2016-06569 and RGPIN-2021-0400. Support for this work of AJT was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant #HST–HF2–51494.001 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5–26555. TDR acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0. GEA is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (project number DE180100346). SM is thankful for support from an NWO (Dutch Research Council) VICI award, grant Nr. 639.043.513. TMB acknowledges the financial contribution from grant PRIN-INAF 2019 N.15. RS acknowledges support from grant number 12073029 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). AKH and GRS respectfully acknowledge that they perform the majority of their research from Treaty 6 territory, a traditional gathering place for diverse Indigenous peoples including the Cree, Blackfoot, Métis, Nakota Sioux, Iroquois, Dene, Ojibway/ Saulteaux/Anishinaabe, Inuit, and many others whose histories, languages, and cultures continue to influence our vibrant community. The authors also wish to recognize and acknowledge the significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. The authors are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct VLBA observations from this mountain. Funding Information: AKH and GRS are supported by NSERC Discovery Grants RGPIN-2016-06569 and RGPIN-2021-0400. Support for this work of AJT was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant #HST–HF2–51494.001 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5–26555. TDR acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0. GEA is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (project number DE180100346). SM is thankful for support from an NWO (Dutch Research Council) VICI award, grant Nr. 639.043.513. TMB acknowledges the financial contribution from grant PRIN-INAF 2019 N.15. RS acknowledges support from grant number 12073029 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Funding Information: This research has made use of software provided by CIRADA. CIRADA is funded by a grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation 2017 Innovation Fund (Project 35999), as well as by the Provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec, in collaboration with the National Research Council of Canada, the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
Keywords: astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.SR, ISM: jets and outflows, radio continuum: stars, black hole physics, X-rays: binaries, polarization, stars: individual: V404 Cygni, GS 2023 + 338

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 477787
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/477787
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: d2b1bf14-aa44-4262-8bd9-f6ae2323e685
ORCID for Diego Altamirano: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-0074

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 14 Jun 2023 16:46
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:34

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Contributors

Author: Andrew K. Hughes
Author: Gregory R. Sivakoff
Author: Christopher E. Macpherson
Author: James C.A. Miller-Jones
Author: Alexandra J. Tetarenko
Author: Gemma E. Anderson
Author: Tomaso M. Belloni
Author: Sebastian Heinz
Author: Peter G. Jonker
Author: Elmar G. Körding
Author: Dipankar Maitra
Author: Sera B. Markoff
Author: Simone Migliari
Author: Kunal P. Mooley
Author: Michael P. Rupen
Author: David M. Russell
Author: Thomas D. Russell
Author: Craig L. Sarazin
Author: Roberto Soria
Author: Valeriu Tudose

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