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Re-thinking first language-second language similarities and differences in English proficiency: insights from the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project

Re-thinking first language-second language similarities and differences in English proficiency: insights from the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project
Re-thinking first language-second language similarities and differences in English proficiency: insights from the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project

This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, as well as rich demographic and language background data. We first demonstrate high reliability for ENRO tests and their convergent validity with existing meta-analyses. We then provide a bird's-eye view of first (L1) and second (L2) language comparisons and examine the relative role of various predictors of reading and listening comprehension and reading speed. Across analyses, we found substantially more overlap than differences between L1 and L2 speakers, suggesting that English reading proficiency is best considered across a continuum of skill, ability, and experiences spanning L1 and L2 speakers alike. We end by providing pointers for how researchers can mine ENRO data for future studies.

bilingualism, cross-linguistic research, open science, reading, second language proficiency
1467-9922
249-294
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Siegelman, Noam, Elgort, Irina, Brysbaert, Marc, Agrawal, Niket, Amenta, Simona, Arsenijević Mijalković, Jasmina, Chang, Christine, Chernova, Daria, Chetail, Fabienne, Clarke, Benjamin, Content, Alain, Crepaldi, Davide, Davaabold, Nastag, Delgersuren, Shurentsetseg, Deutsch, Avital, Dibrova, Veronica, Drieghe, Denis, Filipović Durdević, Dušica, Finch, Brittany, Frost, Ram, Gattei, Carolina, Geva, Esther, Godfroid, Aline, Griener, Lindsay, Hernández-Rivera, Esteban, Ivanenko, Anastasia, Järvikivi, Juhani, Kawaletz, Lea, Khare, Anurag, Ren Lee, Jun, Lee, Charlotte Elizabeth, Manouilidou, Christina, Marelli, Marco, Mashanlo, Timur, Mišić, Ksenija, Miwa, Koji, Palma, Pauline, Plag, Ino, Rezanova, Zoya, Riimed, Enkhzaya, Rueckl, Jay, Schroeder, Sascha, Sekerina, Irina, Shalom, Diego, Slioussar, Natalia, Marija Slosar, Neža, Taler, Vanessa, Thériault, Kim, Titone, Debra, Tumee, Odonchimeg, van de Wetering, Ross, Verma, Ark, Weiss, Anna Fiona, Hsien Wu, Denise and Kuperman, Victor (2023) Re-thinking first language-second language similarities and differences in English proficiency: insights from the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project. Language Learning, 74 (1), 249-294. (doi:10.1111/lang.12586).

Record type: Article

Abstract

This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, as well as rich demographic and language background data. We first demonstrate high reliability for ENRO tests and their convergent validity with existing meta-analyses. We then provide a bird's-eye view of first (L1) and second (L2) language comparisons and examine the relative role of various predictors of reading and listening comprehension and reading speed. Across analyses, we found substantially more overlap than differences between L1 and L2 speakers, suggesting that English reading proficiency is best considered across a continuum of skill, ability, and experiences spanning L1 and L2 speakers alike. We end by providing pointers for how researchers can mine ENRO data for future studies.

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Accepted/In Press date: 4 April 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 22 May 2023
Published date: 22 May 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: all data are available through the Open Science Framework repository ( https://osf.io/gzyqf ). Other than the first three and the last author, the order of authors is alphabetical. We wish to thank the following individuals: Nadine Abdelrahman, Blake Anderson, Alexander Dolge, Monica Fantini, Madison Lester, Yue Yu Liao, Chih‐Tsen Liu, Yaara Loyfer, Iva Štefanija Slosar, Roni Stein, and Paul Warren. Research reported in this publication was supported by the following grants: a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Partnered Research Training Grant, 895‐2016‐1008 (PI: G. Libben); a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2; PI: V. Kuperman); a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Insight Grant, 435‐2021‐0657 (PI: V. Kuperman); an Azrieli Early Career Faculty Fellowship (PI: N. Siegelman); a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (PI: D. Titone); the Russian Science Foundation, #21‐18‐00429 (PI: N. Slioussar); the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, #451‐03‐9/2021‐14/200163; the Israel Science Foundation, #705/20 (PI: R. Frost); a Faculty Research Grant, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, #226239 (PI: I. Elgort); a Professional Staff Congress‐City University of New York Award, #64464‐00‐52 (PI: I. A. Sekerina); the Chinese Language and Technology Center of National Taiwan Normal University (PI: Y. T. Sung); the Tomsk State University Development Programme (Priority2030); the Italian Ministry of Education and Research, #2017W8HFRX (PIs: V. Pirrelli & D. Crepaldi); and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, #HD091013 (PI: D. Compton).
Keywords: bilingualism, cross-linguistic research, open science, reading, second language proficiency
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Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 477854
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/477854
DOI: doi:10.1111/lang.12586
ISSN: 1467-9922
PURE UUID: 7f796f7e-e43d-455e-b94a-d68a3e547d11
ORCID for Denis Drieghe: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-8410
ORCID for Charlotte Elizabeth Lee: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-5635

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 15 Jun 2023 16:53
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:53

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Contributors

Author: Noam Siegelman
Author: Irina Elgort
Author: Marc Brysbaert
Author: Niket Agrawal
Author: Simona Amenta
Author: Jasmina Arsenijević Mijalković
Author: Christine Chang
Author: Daria Chernova
Author: Fabienne Chetail
Author: Benjamin Clarke
Author: Alain Content
Author: Davide Crepaldi
Author: Nastag Davaabold
Author: Shurentsetseg Delgersuren
Author: Avital Deutsch
Author: Veronica Dibrova
Author: Denis Drieghe ORCID iD
Author: Dušica Filipović Durdević
Author: Brittany Finch
Author: Ram Frost
Author: Carolina Gattei
Author: Esther Geva
Author: Aline Godfroid
Author: Lindsay Griener
Author: Esteban Hernández-Rivera
Author: Anastasia Ivanenko
Author: Juhani Järvikivi
Author: Lea Kawaletz
Author: Anurag Khare
Author: Jun Ren Lee
Author: Charlotte Elizabeth Lee ORCID iD
Author: Christina Manouilidou
Author: Marco Marelli
Author: Timur Mashanlo
Author: Ksenija Mišić
Author: Koji Miwa
Author: Pauline Palma
Author: Ino Plag
Author: Zoya Rezanova
Author: Enkhzaya Riimed
Author: Jay Rueckl
Author: Sascha Schroeder
Author: Irina Sekerina
Author: Diego Shalom
Author: Natalia Slioussar
Author: Neža Marija Slosar
Author: Vanessa Taler
Author: Kim Thériault
Author: Debra Titone
Author: Odonchimeg Tumee
Author: Ross van de Wetering
Author: Ark Verma
Author: Anna Fiona Weiss
Author: Denise Hsien Wu
Author: Victor Kuperman

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