Characteristics of people with optimally-managed type 1 diabetes
Characteristics of people with optimally-managed type 1 diabetes
Objective: the aim is to describe the characteristics of people with type 1 diabetes who are meeting all seven glycemic targets set by international consensus.
Research design & methods: we analyzed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 497 participants (aged 18-70 yrs). Time-in-range, time above and below range, co-efficient of variability, and glucose management indicator (GMI) were combined with demographic data, insulin delivery, and exercise.
Results: while 68% of participants achieved a GMI below 7% (53 mmol/mol), 39% met all seven glycemic targets. Older people and those of White ethnicity were more likely to meet these targets. Men and women were equally likely to meet all targets, although men were more likely to experience hypoglycemia while women were more likely to experience hyperglycemia. Hybrid-closed loop (HCL) system users were more likely to meet all targets than people using a standard pump or multiple daily injections.
Conclusions: only 56% of those with a GMI below 7% (53 mmol/mol) met all seven targets, illustrating how glycemic management involves more than GMI/HbA1c lowering alone, which has implications for estimates of optimally managed participants in the wider population of people with type 1 diabetes. Demographic inequalities were prevalent. Using a HCL system clearly facilitated the achievement of glycemic targets.
Adult, Age, CGM, Hybrid closed loop, Inequality, Self-management
Stoet, Gijsbert
c0d56ec4-2a99-4e94-ad12-0fa3d596f1c1
Holt, Richard
d54202e1-fcf6-4a17-a320-9f32d7024393
1 October 2023
Stoet, Gijsbert
c0d56ec4-2a99-4e94-ad12-0fa3d596f1c1
Holt, Richard
d54202e1-fcf6-4a17-a320-9f32d7024393
Stoet, Gijsbert and Holt, Richard
(2023)
Characteristics of people with optimally-managed type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Epidemiology and Management, 12, [100153].
(doi:10.1016/j.deman.2023.100153).
Abstract
Objective: the aim is to describe the characteristics of people with type 1 diabetes who are meeting all seven glycemic targets set by international consensus.
Research design & methods: we analyzed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 497 participants (aged 18-70 yrs). Time-in-range, time above and below range, co-efficient of variability, and glucose management indicator (GMI) were combined with demographic data, insulin delivery, and exercise.
Results: while 68% of participants achieved a GMI below 7% (53 mmol/mol), 39% met all seven glycemic targets. Older people and those of White ethnicity were more likely to meet these targets. Men and women were equally likely to meet all targets, although men were more likely to experience hypoglycemia while women were more likely to experience hyperglycemia. Hybrid-closed loop (HCL) system users were more likely to meet all targets than people using a standard pump or multiple daily injections.
Conclusions: only 56% of those with a GMI below 7% (53 mmol/mol) met all seven targets, illustrating how glycemic management involves more than GMI/HbA1c lowering alone, which has implications for estimates of optimally managed participants in the wider population of people with type 1 diabetes. Demographic inequalities were prevalent. Using a HCL system clearly facilitated the achievement of glycemic targets.
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Accepted/In Press date: 1 June 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 3 June 2023
Published date: 1 October 2023
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Funding Information:
Funding and assistance. This study was supported by the University of Essex (UK) and University of Southampton (UK). This manuscript is based on research using data from the Type 1 Diabetes EXercise Initiative (T1DEXI) Study that has been made available through Vivli, Inc. Vivli has not contributed to or approved, and is not in any way responsible for, the contents of this publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
Keywords:
Adult, Age, CGM, Hybrid closed loop, Inequality, Self-management
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Local EPrints ID: 477860
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/477860
PURE UUID: 261f7430-b1f9-49ec-b6a2-7baa159879a5
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Date deposited: 15 Jun 2023 16:56
Last modified: 17 Aug 2024 01:37
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Author:
Gijsbert Stoet
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