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LeMMINGs IV: the X-ray properties of a statistically-complete sample of the nuclei in active and inactive galaxies from the Palomar sample

LeMMINGs IV: the X-ray properties of a statistically-complete sample of the nuclei in active and inactive galaxies from the Palomar sample
LeMMINGs IV: the X-ray properties of a statistically-complete sample of the nuclei in active and inactive galaxies from the Palomar sample
All 280 of the statistically-complete Palomar sample of nearby (<120 Mpc) galaxies dec > 20 degrees have been observed at 1.5 GHz as part of the LeMMINGs e-MERLIN legacy survey. Here, we present Chandra X-ray observations of the nuclei of 213 of these galaxies, including a statistically-complete sub-set of 113 galaxies in the declination range 40 degrees to 65 degrees. We observed galaxies of all optical spectral types, including 'active' galaxies (e.g., LINERs and Seyferts) and 'inactive' galaxies like HII galaxies and absorption line galaxies (ALG). The X-ray flux limit of our survey is 1.65×10−14~erg s−1 cm−2 (0.3−10 keV). We detect X-ray emission coincident within 2-arcsec of the nucleus in 150/213 galaxies, including 13/14 Seyferts, 68/77 LINERs, 13/22 ALGs and 56/100 HII galaxies, but cannot completely rule out contamination from non-AGN processes in sources with nuclear luminosities <1039 erg s−1. We construct an X-ray Luminosity function (XLF) and find that the local galaxy XLF, when including all AGN types, can be represented as a single power-law of slope −0.54±0.06. The Eddington ratio of the Seyferts is usually 2-4 decades higher than that of the LINERs, ALGs and HII galaxies, which are mostly detected with Eddington ratios <10−3. Using [O III] line measurements and BH masses from the literature, we show that LINERs, HII galaxies and ALGs follow similar correlations to low luminosities, suggesting that some 'inactive' galaxies may harbour AGN.
astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.GA
1365-2966
Williams, D.R.A.
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Pahari, M.
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Baldi, R.D.
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McHardy, I.M.
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Mathur, S.
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Beswick, R.J.
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Beri, A.
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Boorman, P.
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Aalto, S.
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Alberdi, A.
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Argo, M.K.
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Dullo, B.T.
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Fenech, D.M.
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Green, D.A.
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Knapen, J.H.
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Martí-Vidal, I.
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Moldon, J.
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Mundell, C.G.
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Muxlow, T.W.B.
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Panessa, F.
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Pérez-Torres, M.
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Saikia, P.
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Shankar, F.
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Stevens, I.R.
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Uttley, P.
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Williams, D.R.A.
c9ded967-198f-4c26-96b1-8c03d7d26445
Pahari, M.
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Baldi, R.D.
c416ed4c-5d1c-48ee-989c-3a8ab38cd124
McHardy, I.M.
4f215137-9cc4-4a08-982e-772a0b24c17e
Mathur, S.
994501a8-4b9c-4bb7-8565-46be9203f195
Beswick, R.J.
d3f37275-1f32-4ba3-a745-7dab2d21da60
Beri, A.
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Boorman, P.
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Aalto, S.
d8540069-66e7-4ecd-9143-b09ef58ff747
Alberdi, A.
99244fd2-a244-49e5-8930-b212637563da
Argo, M.K.
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Dullo, B.T.
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Fenech, D.M.
c2077a7f-ef8f-43ba-9044-6e64ba0f1f27
Green, D.A.
1e04e3e0-fbba-42cd-aa71-64adacb50928
Knapen, J.H.
530be1bc-2889-4654-a05d-788dd6f3832e
Martí-Vidal, I.
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Moldon, J.
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Mundell, C.G.
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Muxlow, T.W.B.
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Panessa, F.
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Pérez-Torres, M.
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Saikia, P.
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Shankar, F.
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Stevens, I.R.
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Uttley, P.
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Williams, D.R.A., Pahari, M., Baldi, R.D., McHardy, I.M., Mathur, S., Beswick, R.J., Beri, A., Boorman, P., Aalto, S., Alberdi, A., Argo, M.K., Dullo, B.T., Fenech, D.M., Green, D.A., Knapen, J.H., Martí-Vidal, I., Moldon, J., Mundell, C.G., Muxlow, T.W.B., Panessa, F., Pérez-Torres, M., Saikia, P., Shankar, F., Stevens, I.R. and Uttley, P. (2021) LeMMINGs IV: the X-ray properties of a statistically-complete sample of the nuclei in active and inactive galaxies from the Palomar sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510 (4). (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3310).

Record type: Article

Abstract

All 280 of the statistically-complete Palomar sample of nearby (<120 Mpc) galaxies dec > 20 degrees have been observed at 1.5 GHz as part of the LeMMINGs e-MERLIN legacy survey. Here, we present Chandra X-ray observations of the nuclei of 213 of these galaxies, including a statistically-complete sub-set of 113 galaxies in the declination range 40 degrees to 65 degrees. We observed galaxies of all optical spectral types, including 'active' galaxies (e.g., LINERs and Seyferts) and 'inactive' galaxies like HII galaxies and absorption line galaxies (ALG). The X-ray flux limit of our survey is 1.65×10−14~erg s−1 cm−2 (0.3−10 keV). We detect X-ray emission coincident within 2-arcsec of the nucleus in 150/213 galaxies, including 13/14 Seyferts, 68/77 LINERs, 13/22 ALGs and 56/100 HII galaxies, but cannot completely rule out contamination from non-AGN processes in sources with nuclear luminosities <1039 erg s−1. We construct an X-ray Luminosity function (XLF) and find that the local galaxy XLF, when including all AGN types, can be represented as a single power-law of slope −0.54±0.06. The Eddington ratio of the Seyferts is usually 2-4 decades higher than that of the LINERs, ALGs and HII galaxies, which are mostly detected with Eddington ratios <10−3. Using [O III] line measurements and BH masses from the literature, we show that LINERs, HII galaxies and ALGs follow similar correlations to low luminosities, suggesting that some 'inactive' galaxies may harbour AGN.

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Accepted/In Press date: 31 October 2021
Published date: 17 November 2021
Keywords: astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.GA

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 478272
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/478272
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: cbab1119-15b6-44ec-b236-38939c7dcd89
ORCID for D.R.A. Williams: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-0246
ORCID for P. Boorman: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-4716

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 27 Jun 2023 16:40
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:05

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Contributors

Author: D.R.A. Williams ORCID iD
Author: M. Pahari
Author: R.D. Baldi
Author: I.M. McHardy
Author: S. Mathur
Author: R.J. Beswick
Author: A. Beri
Author: P. Boorman ORCID iD
Author: S. Aalto
Author: A. Alberdi
Author: M.K. Argo
Author: B.T. Dullo
Author: D.M. Fenech
Author: D.A. Green
Author: J.H. Knapen
Author: I. Martí-Vidal
Author: J. Moldon
Author: C.G. Mundell
Author: T.W.B. Muxlow
Author: F. Panessa
Author: M. Pérez-Torres
Author: P. Saikia
Author: F. Shankar
Author: I.R. Stevens
Author: P. Uttley

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