Meredith, Samantha, Cox, Natalie, Ibrahim, Kinda and Lim, Stephen Eu Ruen , (2022) 979 Factors that influence older adults’ participation in physical activity: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Age and Ageing, 51 (Suppl. 2), ii5–ii7, [afac125.002].
Abstract
Background: despite the advantages of physical activity (PA), older adults are often insufficiently active to maximise health. Understanding factors that influence PA engagement will support well-designed interventions for older people. Our aim was to review the qualitative evidence exploring the factors affecting older adults’ engagement in PA.
Methods: we searched 6 electronic databases for studies of community-dwelling older adults (≥70 years) including qualitative methods. We excluded studies of a single disease group, individuals with cognitive impairment, and care home residents. Methodological rigour was assessed with the CASP, and framework synthesis was applied using the COM-B model, which hypothesises that behaviour is influenced by three factors: capability, opportunity, and motivation.
Results: twenty-five studies were included in the review (N = 4978; mean 79 years) and 32 themes were identified. Older adults’ capability was influenced by functional capacity (e.g., strength) and perceived risk of injury from PA (e.g., falls). Opportunity was impacted by the environment ‘fit’ (e.g., neighbourhood safety), the availability of social interaction, and socio-cultural ageing stereotypes. PA was motivated by identifying as an ‘exerciser’, health gains, and experiencing positive emotions (e.g., enjoyment), while negative sensations (e.g., pain) reduced motivation.
Conclusion: the qualitative synthesis showcased a complex web of interacting factors influencing PA between the sub-domains of COM-B, pinpointing directions for intervention, including a focus on whole systems approaches. There was a lack of research exploring PA influences in the oldest old and in low-income countries. Future research should seek to involve under-served groups, including a wider diversity of older people.
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