Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh
Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under-reporting of EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations for future action.
METHODS: The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis.
RESULTS: The results showed that both TB, including drug-resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as LNTB and tuberculous meningitis.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prevalence of EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, requiring investment in these areas.
extrapulmonary tuberculosis, LNTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS-COV-2, South Asia, TBM
Jawed, Areesha
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Tharwani, Zoaib Habib
49cc7c1d-d1ed-4b73-b69a-1549e20518e2
Siddiqui, Amna
9e8b986f-014c-4d0b-87a4-8724c615e1e0
Masood, Waniyah
528cba68-0333-4200-8a5f-112ec9fbefe0
Qamar, Khulud
419e6a66-4ddc-4085-9db1-8b80e705623c
Islam, Zarmina
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Jawed, Aleeza
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Shah, Muzhgan
59f7f751-5c1a-4446-9ff5-1d30d45bdb1d
Adnan, Alishba
187e00bd-ae60-4c82-bb29-002316bf25e9
Essar, Mohammad Yasir
7ba803fe-3f4d-4021-a9f8-1eb7eba3fd24
Rackimuthu, Sudhan
5ec84b3f-b7ba-42b2-abf9-610b84e12891
Head, Michael G
67ce0afc-2fc3-47f4-acf2-8794d27ce69c
June 2023
Jawed, Areesha
4d430b12-a300-4bb1-9ecb-efef3b5146b8
Tharwani, Zoaib Habib
49cc7c1d-d1ed-4b73-b69a-1549e20518e2
Siddiqui, Amna
9e8b986f-014c-4d0b-87a4-8724c615e1e0
Masood, Waniyah
528cba68-0333-4200-8a5f-112ec9fbefe0
Qamar, Khulud
419e6a66-4ddc-4085-9db1-8b80e705623c
Islam, Zarmina
4b2c983a-4597-4313-9212-7d4a81701d1c
Jawed, Aleeza
22ef8050-0d78-40e8-b629-3b1643964dc6
Shah, Muzhgan
59f7f751-5c1a-4446-9ff5-1d30d45bdb1d
Adnan, Alishba
187e00bd-ae60-4c82-bb29-002316bf25e9
Essar, Mohammad Yasir
7ba803fe-3f4d-4021-a9f8-1eb7eba3fd24
Rackimuthu, Sudhan
5ec84b3f-b7ba-42b2-abf9-610b84e12891
Head, Michael G
67ce0afc-2fc3-47f4-acf2-8794d27ce69c
Jawed, Areesha, Tharwani, Zoaib Habib, Siddiqui, Amna, Masood, Waniyah, Qamar, Khulud, Islam, Zarmina, Jawed, Aleeza, Shah, Muzhgan, Adnan, Alishba, Essar, Mohammad Yasir, Rackimuthu, Sudhan and Head, Michael G
(2023)
Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh.
Health Science Reports, 6 (6), [e1357].
(doi:10.1002/hsr2.1357).
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under-reporting of EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations for future action.
METHODS: The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis.
RESULTS: The results showed that both TB, including drug-resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as LNTB and tuberculous meningitis.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prevalence of EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, requiring investment in these areas.
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Health Science Reports - 2023 - Jawed - Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis A scoping review of public health
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Published date: June 2023
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© 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Keywords:
extrapulmonary tuberculosis, LNTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS-COV-2, South Asia, TBM
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Local EPrints ID: 478693
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/478693
ISSN: 2398-8835
PURE UUID: 3ce227f1-b702-4e41-89cd-8878ad8e863e
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Date deposited: 07 Jul 2023 16:37
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 01:54
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Contributors
Author:
Areesha Jawed
Author:
Zoaib Habib Tharwani
Author:
Amna Siddiqui
Author:
Waniyah Masood
Author:
Khulud Qamar
Author:
Zarmina Islam
Author:
Aleeza Jawed
Author:
Muzhgan Shah
Author:
Alishba Adnan
Author:
Mohammad Yasir Essar
Author:
Sudhan Rackimuthu
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