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Large-scale multitrait genome-wide association analyses identify hundreds of glaucoma risk loci

Large-scale multitrait genome-wide association analyses identify hundreds of glaucoma risk loci
Large-scale multitrait genome-wide association analyses identify hundreds of glaucoma risk loci
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a highly heritable human disease. Previous genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 loci for the most common form, primary open-angle glaucoma. Two key glaucoma-associated traits also show high heritability: intraocular pressure and optic nerve head excavation damage quantified as the vertical cup-to-disc ratio. Here, since much of glaucoma heritability remains unexplained, we conducted a large-scale multitrait genome-wide association study in participants of European ancestry combining primary open-angle glaucoma and its two associated traits (total sample size over 600,000) to substantially improve genetic discovery power (263 loci). We further increased our power by then employing a multiancestry approach, which increased the number of independent risk loci to 312, with the vast majority replicating in a large independent cohort from 23andMe, Inc. (total sample size over 2.8 million; 296 loci replicated at P < 0.05, 240 after Bonferroni correction). Leveraging multiomics datasets, we identified many potential druggable genes, including neuro-protection targets likely to act via the optic nerve, a key advance for glaucoma because all existing drugs only target intraocular pressure. We further used Mendelian randomization and genetic correlation-based approaches to identify novel links to other complex traits, including immune-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
eye, genome-wide, glaucoma risk loci, multitrait
1061-4036
1116-1125
Han, Xikun
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Gharahkhani, Puya
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Hamel, Andrew R.
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Ong, Jue-Sheng
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Renteria, Miguel
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Mehta, Puja R.
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Dong, Xianjun
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Pasutto, Francesca
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Hammond, Christopher J.
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Young, Terri L.
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Hysi, Pirro
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Lotery, Andrew
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Jorgenson, Eric
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Choquet, Helene
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Hauser, Michael
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Bailey, Jessica N. Cooke
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nakazawa, Toru
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Akiyama, Masato
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Shiga, Yukihiro
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Fuller, Zachary
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Wang, Xin
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Hewitt, Alex W.
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Craig, Jamie E.
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Pasquale, Louis R.
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Mackey, David A.
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Wiggs, Janey L.
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Khawaja, Anthony P.
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Segrè, Ayellet V.
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MacGregor, Stuart
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23andMe Research Team
International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium
Han, Xikun
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Gharahkhani, Puya
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Hamel, Andrew R.
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Ong, Jue-Sheng
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Renteria, Miguel
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Mehta, Puja R.
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Dong, Xianjun
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Pasutto, Francesca
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Hammond, Christopher J.
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Young, Terri L.
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Hysi, Pirro
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Lotery, Andrew
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Jorgenson, Eric
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Choquet, Helene
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Hauser, Michael
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Bailey, Jessica N. Cooke
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nakazawa, Toru
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Akiyama, Masato
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Shiga, Yukihiro
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Fuller, Zachary
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Wang, Xin
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Hewitt, Alex W.
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Craig, Jamie E.
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Pasquale, Louis R.
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Mackey, David A.
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Wiggs, Janey L.
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Khawaja, Anthony P.
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Segrè, Ayellet V.
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MacGregor, Stuart
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Han, Xikun, Gharahkhani, Puya, Hamel, Andrew R., Ong, Jue-Sheng, Renteria, Miguel, Mehta, Puja R., Dong, Xianjun, Pasutto, Francesca, Hammond, Christopher J., Young, Terri L., Hysi, Pirro, Lotery, Andrew, Jorgenson, Eric, Choquet, Helene, Hauser, Michael, Bailey, Jessica N. Cooke, nakazawa, Toru, Akiyama, Masato, Shiga, Yukihiro, Fuller, Zachary, Wang, Xin, Hewitt, Alex W., Craig, Jamie E., Pasquale, Louis R., Mackey, David A., Wiggs, Janey L., Khawaja, Anthony P., Segrè, Ayellet V. and MacGregor, Stuart , 23andMe Research Team and International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (2023) Large-scale multitrait genome-wide association analyses identify hundreds of glaucoma risk loci. Nature Genetics, 55 (7), 1116-1125. (doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01428-5).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a highly heritable human disease. Previous genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 loci for the most common form, primary open-angle glaucoma. Two key glaucoma-associated traits also show high heritability: intraocular pressure and optic nerve head excavation damage quantified as the vertical cup-to-disc ratio. Here, since much of glaucoma heritability remains unexplained, we conducted a large-scale multitrait genome-wide association study in participants of European ancestry combining primary open-angle glaucoma and its two associated traits (total sample size over 600,000) to substantially improve genetic discovery power (263 loci). We further increased our power by then employing a multiancestry approach, which increased the number of independent risk loci to 312, with the vast majority replicating in a large independent cohort from 23andMe, Inc. (total sample size over 2.8 million; 296 loci replicated at P < 0.05, 240 after Bonferroni correction). Leveraging multiomics datasets, we identified many potential druggable genes, including neuro-protection targets likely to act via the optic nerve, a key advance for glaucoma because all existing drugs only target intraocular pressure. We further used Mendelian randomization and genetic correlation-based approaches to identify novel links to other complex traits, including immune-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Accepted/In Press date: 19 May 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 29 June 2023
Published date: July 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: The opinions expressed in this manuscript are the authors’ own and do not reflect the views of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) or any affiliated institution. This project used data from the UK Biobank under application no. 25331. We acknowledge Mass General Brigham Biobank for providing samples, genomic data and health information data. We acknowledge the participants and investigators of the FinnGen study. This research was made possible using the data/biospecimens collected by the CLSA. Funding for the CLSA is provided by the Government of Canada through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) under grant no. LSA 94473 and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, as well as the following provinces: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia. This research has been conducted using the CLSA dataset (Baseline Comprehensive Dataset version 4.0, Follow-up 1 Comprehensive Dataset version 1.0), under Application Number 190225. The CLSA is led by P. Raina, C. Wolfson and S. Kirkland. S.M. is supported by a research fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). S.M., D.A.M., J.E.C. and A.W.H. acknowledge Program Grant (grant no. 1150144) and Centre of Research Excellence (grant no. 1116360) Funding from the Australian NHMRC. P.G. is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (#1173390). J.L.W. acknowledges support from NIH NEI R01 EY022305 and P30 EY014104. L.R.P. is supported by Research to Prevent Blindness (NYC, USA), the Glaucoma Foundation (NYC, USA) and grant nos. NEI R01 EY 015473 and EY 032559. A.V.S., A.R.H. and P.M. were supported by NIH/NEI grant no. R01 EY031424. A.P.K. is supported by a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship, an Alcon Research Institute Young Investigator Award and a Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine Award. This research was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. We acknowledge a Core Grant for Vision Research from the National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Healthto the University of Wisconsin–Madison (P30EY016665) and an Unrestricted Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness,Inc. to the UW-Madison Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. We acknowledge the donors of National Glaucoma Research, a program of the BrightFocus Foundation, for support of this research (BrightFocus Grant Submission Number: G2021009S). Funding Information: The opinions expressed in this manuscript are the authors’ own and do not reflect the views of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) or any affiliated institution. This project used data from the UK Biobank under application no. 25331. We acknowledge Mass General Brigham Biobank for providing samples, genomic data and health information data. We acknowledge the participants and investigators of the FinnGen study. This research was made possible using the data/biospecimens collected by the CLSA. Funding for the CLSA is provided by the Government of Canada through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) under grant no. LSA 94473 and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, as well as the following provinces: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia. This research has been conducted using the CLSA dataset (Baseline Comprehensive Dataset version 4.0, Follow-up 1 Comprehensive Dataset version 1.0), under Application Number 190225. The CLSA is led by P. Raina, C. Wolfson and S. Kirkland. S.M. is supported by a research fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). S.M., D.A.M., J.E.C. and A.W.H. acknowledge Program Grant (grant no. 1150144) and Centre of Research Excellence (grant no. 1116360) Funding from the Australian NHMRC. P.G. is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (#1173390). J.L.W. acknowledges support from NIH NEI R01 EY022305 and P30 EY014104. L.R.P. is supported by Research to Prevent Blindness (NYC, USA), the Glaucoma Foundation (NYC, USA) and grant nos. NEI R01 EY 015473 and EY 032559. A.V.S., A.R.H. and P.M. were supported by NIH/NEI grant no. R01 EY031424. A.P.K. is supported by a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship, an Alcon Research Institute Young Investigator Award and a Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine Award. This research was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology. We acknowledge a Core Grant for Vision Research from the National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Healthto the University of Wisconsin–Madison (P30EY016665) and an Unrestricted Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness,Inc. to the UW-Madison Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. We acknowledge the donors of National Glaucoma Research, a program of the BrightFocus Foundation, for support of this research (BrightFocus Grant Submission Number: G2021009S). Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).
Keywords: eye, genome-wide, glaucoma risk loci, multitrait

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 479807
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/479807
ISSN: 1061-4036
PURE UUID: 10a327b9-e399-4bef-a497-9affac6b9203
ORCID for Andrew Lotery: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-4305

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Date deposited: 26 Jul 2023 17:12
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:57

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Contributors

Author: Xikun Han
Author: Puya Gharahkhani
Author: Andrew R. Hamel
Author: Jue-Sheng Ong
Author: Miguel Renteria
Author: Puja R. Mehta
Author: Xianjun Dong
Author: Francesca Pasutto
Author: Christopher J. Hammond
Author: Terri L. Young
Author: Pirro Hysi
Author: Andrew Lotery ORCID iD
Author: Eric Jorgenson
Author: Helene Choquet
Author: Michael Hauser
Author: Jessica N. Cooke Bailey
Author: Toru nakazawa
Author: Masato Akiyama
Author: Yukihiro Shiga
Author: Zachary Fuller
Author: Xin Wang
Author: Alex W. Hewitt
Author: Jamie E. Craig
Author: Louis R. Pasquale
Author: David A. Mackey
Author: Janey L. Wiggs
Author: Anthony P. Khawaja
Author: Ayellet V. Segrè
Author: Stuart MacGregor
Corporate Author: 23andMe Research Team
Corporate Author: International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium

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