Obesity and gender influence cortisol secretion and metabolism in man
Obesity and gender influence cortisol secretion and metabolism in man
In obesity, urinary cortisol excretion is enhanced but plasma cortisol levels are not elevated, suggesting that metabolic clearance of cortisol is increased. Cortisol is metabolised in liver and fat by A-ring reductases but also regenerated from inactive cortisone in liver, fat, and skeletal muscle by 11 beta-reductase. These enzymes are regulated by estrogen. This study addressed whether there are differences in cortisol metabolism in obesity, and whether these differences are estrogen dependent. 31 men and 37 post-menopausal women (9 on estrogen replacement therapy) aged 47-53 y supplied 24 h urine for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Total cortisol metabolite excretion was higher in men than women, but weakly related to indices of obesity. By contrast, metabolism of cortisol favoured 5 alpha-rather than 5 beta-reduction in obese men and obese women, and favoured cortisol rather than cortisone in obese men. In women compared with men ratios of 5 alpha-/5 beta-reduced and cortisol/cortisone metabolites were also higher but these variables were not affected by estrogen replacement therapy. We conclude that in obesity, inactivation of cortisol by 5 alpha-reductase is enhanced but this is offset by impaired metabolism of cortisol by 5 beta-reductase in women and enhanced conversion of cortisone to cortisol by 11 beta-reductase in men. These observations suggest that cortisol clearance is altered in obesity, and this may account for activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, these data predict that obese subjects will have higher concentrations of cortisol in key target tissues including liver and visceral fat. This may contribute to the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity.
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase, Cortisone/metabolism, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Hydrocortisone/urine, Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity/physiopathology, Oxidoreductases/metabolism, Sex Characteristics
1806-9
Andrew, R
05cdc474-35f6-463b-b260-3d8c9af746c4
Phillips, D I
42894464-5bd5-45c7-a480-f125d3e545ff
Walker, B R
9001dafb-5471-4f7f-a073-c482d78f5125
15 May 1998
Andrew, R
05cdc474-35f6-463b-b260-3d8c9af746c4
Phillips, D I
42894464-5bd5-45c7-a480-f125d3e545ff
Walker, B R
9001dafb-5471-4f7f-a073-c482d78f5125
Andrew, R, Phillips, D I and Walker, B R
(1998)
Obesity and gender influence cortisol secretion and metabolism in man.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 83 (5), .
(doi:10.1210/jcem.83.5.4951).
Abstract
In obesity, urinary cortisol excretion is enhanced but plasma cortisol levels are not elevated, suggesting that metabolic clearance of cortisol is increased. Cortisol is metabolised in liver and fat by A-ring reductases but also regenerated from inactive cortisone in liver, fat, and skeletal muscle by 11 beta-reductase. These enzymes are regulated by estrogen. This study addressed whether there are differences in cortisol metabolism in obesity, and whether these differences are estrogen dependent. 31 men and 37 post-menopausal women (9 on estrogen replacement therapy) aged 47-53 y supplied 24 h urine for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Total cortisol metabolite excretion was higher in men than women, but weakly related to indices of obesity. By contrast, metabolism of cortisol favoured 5 alpha-rather than 5 beta-reduction in obese men and obese women, and favoured cortisol rather than cortisone in obese men. In women compared with men ratios of 5 alpha-/5 beta-reduced and cortisol/cortisone metabolites were also higher but these variables were not affected by estrogen replacement therapy. We conclude that in obesity, inactivation of cortisol by 5 alpha-reductase is enhanced but this is offset by impaired metabolism of cortisol by 5 beta-reductase in women and enhanced conversion of cortisone to cortisol by 11 beta-reductase in men. These observations suggest that cortisol clearance is altered in obesity, and this may account for activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, these data predict that obese subjects will have higher concentrations of cortisol in key target tissues including liver and visceral fat. This may contribute to the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity.
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Published date: 15 May 1998
Keywords:
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase, Cortisone/metabolism, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Hydrocortisone/urine, Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity/physiopathology, Oxidoreductases/metabolism, Sex Characteristics
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Local EPrints ID: 480390
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/480390
ISSN: 0021-972X
PURE UUID: efe637a7-2648-4689-ae11-49a55903ebcf
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Date deposited: 01 Aug 2023 21:40
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 00:46
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Author:
R Andrew
Author:
D I Phillips
Author:
B R Walker
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