A residential emissions-based carbon levy: city and neighbourhood consequences
A residential emissions-based carbon levy: city and neighbourhood consequences
What are the consequences of a local carbon levy applied to (1) all estimated residential consumption emissions and (2) all residential gas and grid electricity-related emissions? Housing stock simulations in the City of Southampton, UK, are used to explore whether a local carbon levy could pay for retrofits at a local level. The value of the levy is estimated for the whole city and for neighbourhoods at the census lower layer super output area (LSOA) level (about 1500 households) using recently published ‘official’ carbon values under two scenarios. The levy is then set against an estimate of the cost of retrofitting energy-efficient dwellings in each LSOA. The models show that highly emitting LSOAs (generally those with least deprivation) would raise sufficient levy to retrofit their dwellings within three to five years if an ‘all emissions’ levy were applied. This is not the case in low-emissions LSOAs which tend to be those with the highest deprivation. Here it could take up to 60 years to meet the retrofit costs if the levy were only applied to energy emissions. Redistribution of the levy from the least deprived but highly emitting neighbourhoods to the more deprived but least emitting would therefore be needed.
building stock, carbon levy, carbon tax, energy efficiency, energy emissions, energy poverty, housing, local government, neighbourhood, retrofit, urban governance
545–564
Anderson, Ben
01e98bbd-b402-48b0-b83e-142341a39b2d
28 July 2023
Anderson, Ben
01e98bbd-b402-48b0-b83e-142341a39b2d
Anderson, Ben
(2023)
A residential emissions-based carbon levy: city and neighbourhood consequences.
Buildings and Cities, 4 (1), .
(doi:10.5334/bc.279).
Abstract
What are the consequences of a local carbon levy applied to (1) all estimated residential consumption emissions and (2) all residential gas and grid electricity-related emissions? Housing stock simulations in the City of Southampton, UK, are used to explore whether a local carbon levy could pay for retrofits at a local level. The value of the levy is estimated for the whole city and for neighbourhoods at the census lower layer super output area (LSOA) level (about 1500 households) using recently published ‘official’ carbon values under two scenarios. The levy is then set against an estimate of the cost of retrofitting energy-efficient dwellings in each LSOA. The models show that highly emitting LSOAs (generally those with least deprivation) would raise sufficient levy to retrofit their dwellings within three to five years if an ‘all emissions’ levy were applied. This is not the case in low-emissions LSOAs which tend to be those with the highest deprivation. Here it could take up to 60 years to meet the retrofit costs if the levy were only applied to energy emissions. Redistribution of the levy from the least deprived but highly emitting neighbourhoods to the more deprived but least emitting would therefore be needed.
Text
64c39229418d0
- Version of Record
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 6 July 2023
Published date: 28 July 2023
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
This study was partially funded by Hampshire County Council (research contract number 7369014, ‘Mapping the Current and Future Energy Landscape for a wider Hampshire’).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s).
Keywords:
building stock, carbon levy, carbon tax, energy efficiency, energy emissions, energy poverty, housing, local government, neighbourhood, retrofit, urban governance
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 480493
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/480493
ISSN: 2632-6655
PURE UUID: bd2d3171-bea1-4282-95b0-5d6573f6b54e
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 03 Aug 2023 16:40
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:50
Export record
Altmetrics
Download statistics
Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.
View more statistics
