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A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients' health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings

A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients' health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings
A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients' health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings

OBJECTIVES: To compare health-related and cost-related outcomes of consultations for symptoms suggestive of minor ailments in emergency departments (EDs), general practices and community pharmacies.

DESIGN: Observational study; prospective cohort design.

SETTING: EDs (n=2), general practices (n=6) and community pharmacies (n=10) in a mix of rural/urban and deprived/affluent areas across North East Scotland and East Anglia. Participants Adults (≥18 years) presenting between 09:00 and 18:00 (Monday-Friday) in general practices and 09:00-18:00 (Monday-Saturday) in pharmacies and EDs with ≥1 of the following: musculoskeletal pain; eye discomfort; gastrointestinal disturbance; or upper respiratory tract-related symptoms.

INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed three questionnaires: baseline (prior to index consultation); satisfaction with index consultation and follow-up (2 weeks after index consultation).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom resolution, quality of life, costs, satisfaction and influences on care-seeking behaviour.

RESULTS: 377 patients participated, recruited from EDs (81), general practices (162) and community pharmacies (134). The 2-week response rate was 70% (264/377). Symptom resolution was similar across all three settings: ED (37.3%), general practice (35.7%) and pharmacy (44.3%). Mean overall costs per consultation were significantly lower for pharmacy (£29.30 (95% CI £21.60 to £37.00)) compared with general practice (£82.34 (95% CI £63.10 to £101.58)) and ED (£147.09 (95% CI £125.32 to £168.85)). Satisfaction varied across settings and by measure used. Compared with pharmacy and general practice use, ED use was significantly (p<0.001) associated with first episode and short duration of symptom(s), as well as higher levels of perceived seriousness and urgency for seeking care. Convenience of location was the most common reason for choice of consultation setting.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest similar health-related outcomes and substantially lower costs with pharmacy consultations for minor ailments. Effective strategies are now needed to shift demand for minor ailment management away from EDs and general practices to the community pharmacy setting.

Adult, Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis, Emergency Medical Services/economics, Emergency Treatment/economics, England, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy, General Practice/economics, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Pain/therapy, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Pharmacies/economics, Primary Health Care/economics, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy, Scotland, Severity of Illness Index, State Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires
2044-6055
e006261
Watson, M C
733991bd-55dc-4237-9a0e-d906cd617dd8
Ferguson, J
34464d8d-6953-405a-bcb0-6e3ab19ef153
Barton, G R
bf3455b3-9bee-4af6-94e8-930b2a383b33
Maskrey, V
86478d85-79a7-467c-a87b-e8e5cf84b8b3
Blyth, A
e3885ded-5519-470f-bb20-81ea95d141f6
Paudyal, V
2d61374b-ca25-492a-ab2a-631427d70d11
Bond, C M
e3a4f9d5-7a78-4047-9a9e-5652c78a3ad5
Holland, R
ce9a00ad-acff-4a1b-ab6c-ba89a2f8d290
Porteous, T
fa6715dc-6625-4333-a84f-f9bb348c7a18
Sach, T H
5c09256f-ebed-4d14-853a-181f6c92d6f2
Wright, D
a55be721-4b15-4555-bf61-73fcb75c1a39
Fielding, S
93469950-f6fb-4668-a7c1-26a76fe358aa
Watson, M C
733991bd-55dc-4237-9a0e-d906cd617dd8
Ferguson, J
34464d8d-6953-405a-bcb0-6e3ab19ef153
Barton, G R
bf3455b3-9bee-4af6-94e8-930b2a383b33
Maskrey, V
86478d85-79a7-467c-a87b-e8e5cf84b8b3
Blyth, A
e3885ded-5519-470f-bb20-81ea95d141f6
Paudyal, V
2d61374b-ca25-492a-ab2a-631427d70d11
Bond, C M
e3a4f9d5-7a78-4047-9a9e-5652c78a3ad5
Holland, R
ce9a00ad-acff-4a1b-ab6c-ba89a2f8d290
Porteous, T
fa6715dc-6625-4333-a84f-f9bb348c7a18
Sach, T H
5c09256f-ebed-4d14-853a-181f6c92d6f2
Wright, D
a55be721-4b15-4555-bf61-73fcb75c1a39
Fielding, S
93469950-f6fb-4668-a7c1-26a76fe358aa

Watson, M C, Ferguson, J, Barton, G R, Maskrey, V, Blyth, A, Paudyal, V, Bond, C M, Holland, R, Porteous, T, Sach, T H, Wright, D and Fielding, S (2015) A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients' health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings. BMJ Open, 5 (2), e006261. (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006261).

Record type: Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To compare health-related and cost-related outcomes of consultations for symptoms suggestive of minor ailments in emergency departments (EDs), general practices and community pharmacies.

DESIGN: Observational study; prospective cohort design.

SETTING: EDs (n=2), general practices (n=6) and community pharmacies (n=10) in a mix of rural/urban and deprived/affluent areas across North East Scotland and East Anglia. Participants Adults (≥18 years) presenting between 09:00 and 18:00 (Monday-Friday) in general practices and 09:00-18:00 (Monday-Saturday) in pharmacies and EDs with ≥1 of the following: musculoskeletal pain; eye discomfort; gastrointestinal disturbance; or upper respiratory tract-related symptoms.

INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed three questionnaires: baseline (prior to index consultation); satisfaction with index consultation and follow-up (2 weeks after index consultation).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom resolution, quality of life, costs, satisfaction and influences on care-seeking behaviour.

RESULTS: 377 patients participated, recruited from EDs (81), general practices (162) and community pharmacies (134). The 2-week response rate was 70% (264/377). Symptom resolution was similar across all three settings: ED (37.3%), general practice (35.7%) and pharmacy (44.3%). Mean overall costs per consultation were significantly lower for pharmacy (£29.30 (95% CI £21.60 to £37.00)) compared with general practice (£82.34 (95% CI £63.10 to £101.58)) and ED (£147.09 (95% CI £125.32 to £168.85)). Satisfaction varied across settings and by measure used. Compared with pharmacy and general practice use, ED use was significantly (p<0.001) associated with first episode and short duration of symptom(s), as well as higher levels of perceived seriousness and urgency for seeking care. Convenience of location was the most common reason for choice of consultation setting.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest similar health-related outcomes and substantially lower costs with pharmacy consultations for minor ailments. Effective strategies are now needed to shift demand for minor ailment management away from EDs and general practices to the community pharmacy setting.

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More information

Published date: 18 February 2015
Additional Information: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
Keywords: Adult, Aged, Costs and Cost Analysis, Emergency Medical Services/economics, Emergency Treatment/economics, England, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy, General Practice/economics, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Pain/therapy, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Pharmacies/economics, Primary Health Care/economics, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy, Scotland, Severity of Illness Index, State Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 480847
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/480847
ISSN: 2044-6055
PURE UUID: c4f64e9a-d759-4fae-85f6-dce58a808b67
ORCID for T H Sach: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-9220

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Date deposited: 10 Aug 2023 16:37
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:20

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Contributors

Author: M C Watson
Author: J Ferguson
Author: G R Barton
Author: V Maskrey
Author: A Blyth
Author: V Paudyal
Author: C M Bond
Author: R Holland
Author: T Porteous
Author: T H Sach ORCID iD
Author: D Wright
Author: S Fielding

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