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Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of daily all-over-body application of emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic eczema in high-risk children (The BEEP trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of daily all-over-body application of emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic eczema in high-risk children (The BEEP trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of daily all-over-body application of emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic eczema in high-risk children (The BEEP trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Atopic eczema (AE) is a common skin problem that impairs quality of life and is associated with the development of other atopic diseases including asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis. AE treatment is a significant cost burden for health care providers. The purpose of the trial is to investigate whether daily application of emollients for the first year of life can prevent AE developing in high-risk infants (first-degree relative with asthma, AE or allergic rhinitis).

METHODS: This is a protocol for a pragmatic, two-arm, randomised controlled, multicentre trial. Up to 1400 term infants at high risk of developing AE will be recruited through the community, primary and secondary care in England. Participating families will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive general infant skin-care advice, or general skin-care advice plus emollients with advice to apply daily to the infant for the first year of life. Families will not be blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome will be a blinded assessment of AE at 24 months of age using the UK Working Party Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Eczema. Secondary outcomes are other definitions of AE, time to AE onset, severity of AE (EASI and POEM), presence of other allergic diseases including food allergy, asthma and hay fever, allergic sensitisation, quality of life, cost-effectiveness and safety of the emollients. Subgroup analyses are planned for the primary outcome according to filaggrin genotype and the number of first-degree relatives with AE and other atopic diseases. Families will be followed up by online and postal questionnaire at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months with a face-to-face visit at 24 months. Long-term follow-up until 60 months will be via annual questionnaires.

DISCUSSION: This trial will demonstrate whether skin-barrier enhancement through daily emollient for the first year of life can prevent AE from developing in high-risk infants. If effective, this simple and cheap intervention has the potential to result in significant cost savings for health care providers throughout the world by preventing AE and possibly other associated allergic diseases.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry; ID: ISRCTN21528841 . Registered on 25 July 2014.

Administration, Cutaneous, Child, Preschool, Clinical Protocols, Community Health Services, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis, Drug Costs, Emollients/administration & dosage, England, Female, Filaggrin Proteins, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Organic Chemicals/administration & dosage, Research Design, Secondary Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
1745-6215
343
Chalmers, Joanne R
94e08e98-5c93-405d-9278-97acfe4985a0
Haines, Rachel H
efd463e9-1a86-4370-8a76-21e3065f8350
Mitchell, Eleanor J
f7d8ce2d-e847-44c7-95af-4076be358af8
Thomas, Kim S
75e143ff-868e-47dc-b892-c9745a7e496a
Brown, Sara J
4c6024a6-25f4-4e18-808e-d8263aea02fe
Ridd, Matthew
2f15120c-d5fa-4f5d-bb86-21356e034df7
Lawton, Sandra
610566de-d907-4721-ac53-6ef72f9e708d
Simpson, Eric L
2ecb9d6f-70ee-4641-bb84-e16b62d5dd37
Cork, Michael J
071e6a09-2869-45a5-a0b4-e47474610850
Sach, Tracey H
5c09256f-ebed-4d14-853a-181f6c92d6f2
Bradshaw, Lucy E
4efb4747-f146-4816-b06e-982bf895c6a3
Montgomery, Alan A
6f6e4e9e-e78b-43b0-9334-05522cfd6cdf
Boyle, Robert J
cce30158-f576-4cd3-a790-421decaccec5
Williams, Hywel C
3914e691-2348-4704-a044-e8d2af92444e
Chalmers, Joanne R
94e08e98-5c93-405d-9278-97acfe4985a0
Haines, Rachel H
efd463e9-1a86-4370-8a76-21e3065f8350
Mitchell, Eleanor J
f7d8ce2d-e847-44c7-95af-4076be358af8
Thomas, Kim S
75e143ff-868e-47dc-b892-c9745a7e496a
Brown, Sara J
4c6024a6-25f4-4e18-808e-d8263aea02fe
Ridd, Matthew
2f15120c-d5fa-4f5d-bb86-21356e034df7
Lawton, Sandra
610566de-d907-4721-ac53-6ef72f9e708d
Simpson, Eric L
2ecb9d6f-70ee-4641-bb84-e16b62d5dd37
Cork, Michael J
071e6a09-2869-45a5-a0b4-e47474610850
Sach, Tracey H
5c09256f-ebed-4d14-853a-181f6c92d6f2
Bradshaw, Lucy E
4efb4747-f146-4816-b06e-982bf895c6a3
Montgomery, Alan A
6f6e4e9e-e78b-43b0-9334-05522cfd6cdf
Boyle, Robert J
cce30158-f576-4cd3-a790-421decaccec5
Williams, Hywel C
3914e691-2348-4704-a044-e8d2af92444e

Chalmers, Joanne R, Haines, Rachel H, Mitchell, Eleanor J, Thomas, Kim S, Brown, Sara J, Ridd, Matthew, Lawton, Sandra, Simpson, Eric L, Cork, Michael J, Sach, Tracey H, Bradshaw, Lucy E, Montgomery, Alan A, Boyle, Robert J and Williams, Hywel C (2017) Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of daily all-over-body application of emollient during the first year of life for preventing atopic eczema in high-risk children (The BEEP trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 18 (1), 343. (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2031-3).

Record type: Article

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Atopic eczema (AE) is a common skin problem that impairs quality of life and is associated with the development of other atopic diseases including asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis. AE treatment is a significant cost burden for health care providers. The purpose of the trial is to investigate whether daily application of emollients for the first year of life can prevent AE developing in high-risk infants (first-degree relative with asthma, AE or allergic rhinitis).

METHODS: This is a protocol for a pragmatic, two-arm, randomised controlled, multicentre trial. Up to 1400 term infants at high risk of developing AE will be recruited through the community, primary and secondary care in England. Participating families will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive general infant skin-care advice, or general skin-care advice plus emollients with advice to apply daily to the infant for the first year of life. Families will not be blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome will be a blinded assessment of AE at 24 months of age using the UK Working Party Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Eczema. Secondary outcomes are other definitions of AE, time to AE onset, severity of AE (EASI and POEM), presence of other allergic diseases including food allergy, asthma and hay fever, allergic sensitisation, quality of life, cost-effectiveness and safety of the emollients. Subgroup analyses are planned for the primary outcome according to filaggrin genotype and the number of first-degree relatives with AE and other atopic diseases. Families will be followed up by online and postal questionnaire at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months with a face-to-face visit at 24 months. Long-term follow-up until 60 months will be via annual questionnaires.

DISCUSSION: This trial will demonstrate whether skin-barrier enhancement through daily emollient for the first year of life can prevent AE from developing in high-risk infants. If effective, this simple and cheap intervention has the potential to result in significant cost savings for health care providers throughout the world by preventing AE and possibly other associated allergic diseases.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry; ID: ISRCTN21528841 . Registered on 25 July 2014.

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More information

Published date: 21 July 2017
Keywords: Administration, Cutaneous, Child, Preschool, Clinical Protocols, Community Health Services, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis, Drug Costs, Emollients/administration & dosage, England, Female, Filaggrin Proteins, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Organic Chemicals/administration & dosage, Research Design, Secondary Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 480861
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/480861
ISSN: 1745-6215
PURE UUID: 7ec95f9b-5ce7-4cde-8948-712a6485ddce
ORCID for Tracey H Sach: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-9220

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Date deposited: 10 Aug 2023 16:40
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:20

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Contributors

Author: Joanne R Chalmers
Author: Rachel H Haines
Author: Eleanor J Mitchell
Author: Kim S Thomas
Author: Sara J Brown
Author: Matthew Ridd
Author: Sandra Lawton
Author: Eric L Simpson
Author: Michael J Cork
Author: Tracey H Sach ORCID iD
Author: Lucy E Bradshaw
Author: Alan A Montgomery
Author: Robert J Boyle
Author: Hywel C Williams

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