Optimal sizing of stand-alone energy systems incorporating battery capacity fading
Optimal sizing of stand-alone energy systems incorporating battery capacity fading
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are one of the key elements for designing a stand-alone system based on renewable energy generation. The capacity of these equipment, however, starts to fade due to charge cycling and ageing. In this paper, a planning scheme is presented for supplying electric vehicle (EV) charging stations by a stand-alone system composed of wind and PV generation, and batteries. The approach is based on a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and a binary expansion method is utilized to tackle the nonlinearities of the problem. After quantifying the degradation behaviour of the battery by solving the optimization problem, its capacity is modified to be able to charge and discharge according to the output of the sizing program. The formulation is applied to a πΏππΉπππ4 (LFP) battery technology, and the results illustrate how the battery degradation is able to impact the final capacity and planning costs for the system. For a reliability level of 99%, a 139.78kWh with a total degradation of 18.74kWh is calculated. Also, for the reliability level of 90%, the calculated capacity and total degradation are 207.23kWh and 40.86kWh respectively.
mixed integer linear programming, BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, CAPACITY FADING, STAND-ALONE SYSTEM
Khazali, Amirhossein
1641a537-5cab-484e-ac11-14a049780992
Al-Wreikat, Yazan Mahmoud Yousef
f33ee63f-0e6a-4a3f-abaa-b3460c0dc417
Fraser, Ewan
5ec334a1-8ab3-4028-8d67-57a19024ad00
Sharkh, Suleiman
c8445516-dafe-41c2-b7e8-c21e295e56b9
Wills, Richard
60b7c98f-eced-4b11-aad9-fd2484e26c2c
Cruden, Andrew
ed709997-4402-49a7-9ad5-f4f3c62d29ab
Khazali, Amirhossein
1641a537-5cab-484e-ac11-14a049780992
Al-Wreikat, Yazan Mahmoud Yousef
f33ee63f-0e6a-4a3f-abaa-b3460c0dc417
Fraser, Ewan
5ec334a1-8ab3-4028-8d67-57a19024ad00
Sharkh, Suleiman
c8445516-dafe-41c2-b7e8-c21e295e56b9
Wills, Richard
60b7c98f-eced-4b11-aad9-fd2484e26c2c
Cruden, Andrew
ed709997-4402-49a7-9ad5-f4f3c62d29ab
Khazali, Amirhossein, Al-Wreikat, Yazan Mahmoud Yousef, Fraser, Ewan, Sharkh, Suleiman, Wills, Richard and Cruden, Andrew
(2023)
Optimal sizing of stand-alone energy systems incorporating battery capacity fading.
Energy Storage Conference 2023, , Glasgow, United Kingdom.
15 - 16 Nov 2023.
6 pp
.
(In Press)
Record type:
Conference or Workshop Item
(Paper)
Abstract
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are one of the key elements for designing a stand-alone system based on renewable energy generation. The capacity of these equipment, however, starts to fade due to charge cycling and ageing. In this paper, a planning scheme is presented for supplying electric vehicle (EV) charging stations by a stand-alone system composed of wind and PV generation, and batteries. The approach is based on a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and a binary expansion method is utilized to tackle the nonlinearities of the problem. After quantifying the degradation behaviour of the battery by solving the optimization problem, its capacity is modified to be able to charge and discharge according to the output of the sizing program. The formulation is applied to a πΏππΉπππ4 (LFP) battery technology, and the results illustrate how the battery degradation is able to impact the final capacity and planning costs for the system. For a reliability level of 99%, a 139.78kWh with a total degradation of 18.74kWh is calculated. Also, for the reliability level of 90%, the calculated capacity and total degradation are 207.23kWh and 40.86kWh respectively.
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Accepted/In Press date: 14 September 2023
Venue - Dates:
Energy Storage Conference 2023, , Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2023-11-15 - 2023-11-16
Keywords:
mixed integer linear programming, BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, CAPACITY FADING, STAND-ALONE SYSTEM
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 482842
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/482842
PURE UUID: f1f7ebb1-9f0f-4bc1-a6c2-5e6a31782470
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Date deposited: 13 Oct 2023 16:41
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 04:00
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Contributors
Author:
Amirhossein Khazali
Author:
Yazan Mahmoud Yousef Al-Wreikat
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